An Overview of Manganese Recovery by Hydro and Pyro-Metallurgical Routes

Abstract

This review comprises of information about the recovery of manganese through leaching and carbothermic reduction routes. In industrial processes, various critical parameters such as ore size, temperature, pressure, gas atmosphere and ore composition etc. affect the reduction or recovery of Mn from ores. Authors have tried to bring those critical parameters in this review which is currently being considered as important industrial parameters for Mn ore processing. This paper deals with both pyro-metallurgical and hydro-metallurgical routes for Mn ore reduction and gives brief summary about the critical parameters.

Kinetic Study of the Leaching of Low-Grade Manganese Ores by Using Pretreated Sawdust as Reductant

“…Through the present work, the following results have been obtained: (1) It is possible to carry out the leaching process by using pretreated sawdust as a reducing agent. Many factors influencing the manganese extraction are studied, and the results indicate that the leaching efficiency of manganese increased with the liquid/solid ratio, sawdust amount, sulfuric acid concentration, and temperature.…”

“…The need for manganese is greatest in the steel industry, accounting for more than 90% of the total production [1]. With the rapidly growing demand for manganese and the continuous mining of high-grade manganese ore, considerable research attention has been directed at the recovery of manganese from low-grade ores [2][3][4][5].…”

“…With the rapidly growing demand for manganese and the continuous mining of high-grade manganese ore, considerable research attention has been directed at the recovery of manganese from low-grade ores [2][3][4][5]. However, these low-grade ores are mainly high-valence oxides, such as pyrolusite, which are stable in both acid and alkaline media, so the extraction of manganese from such sources must be carried out under reductive conditions [1,2]. When using the conventional reduction roasting method, plenty of smoke is produced in the roasting process, which is harmful to the environment.…”

Redox Electrochemistry of Mn(II) via Carbon Black Nanoparticle Impacts

“…Manganese is a commercially significant metal used in applications such as batteries and steelmaking. , If manganese is left untreated in wastewater, it can cause detrimental health effects, in severe cases leading to “manganism” affecting the central nervous system. , Current recovery methods of manganese from battery waste rely on metallurgical techniques , following an initial physical separation step: a technique such as nanoimpact electrochemistry may be advantageous in terms of efficiency, as it can simplify the recovery process . The bulk electrodeposition of Mn has been well-studied in the literature, primarily in sulfate and chloride solutions. − Despite the higher current efficiency observed when using chloride baths, it is conventionally produced from manganese­(II) sulfate/ammonium sulfate solutions to avoid the formation of Cl 2 gas and due to the corrosive nature of the solution .…”

“…35,36 If manganese is left untreated in wastewater, it can cause detrimental health effects, in severe cases leading to "manganism" affecting the central nervous system. 36,37 Current recovery methods of manganese from battery waste rely on metallurgical techniques 38,39 following an initial physical separation step: 40 a technique such as nanoimpact electrochemistry may be advantageous in terms of efficiency, as it can simplify the recovery process. 33 The bulk electrodeposition of Mn has been well-studied in the literature, primarily in sulfate and chloride solutions.…”