An Overview of Major Synthetic Fuels

Abstract

Artificial fuels have been researched for more than a decade now in an attempt to find alternative sources of energy. With global climatic conditions rapidly approaching the end of their safe line, an emphasis on escalating the change has been seen in recent times. Synthetic fuels are a diverse group of compounds that can be used as replacements for traditional fuels, such as gasoline and diesel. This paper provides a comprehensive review of synthetic fuels, with a focus on their classification and production processes. The article begins with an in-depth introduction, followed by virtually classifying the major synthetic fuels that are currently produced on an industrial scale. The article further discusses their feedstocks and production processes, along with detailed equations and diagrams to help readers understand the basic science behind synthetic fuels. The environmental impact of these fuels is also explored, along with their respective key players in the industry. By highlighting the benefits and drawbacks of synthetic fuels, this study also aims to facilitate an informed discussion about the future of energy and the role that synthetic fuels may play in reducing our reliance on fossil fuels.

Systematic Incorporation of Ionic Hard-Core Size into the Debye–Hückel Theory via the Cumulant Expansion of the Schwinger–Dyson Equations

“…In nanoscale systems incorporating charged fluids, electrostatic forces attenuated by HC interactions drive various saltregulated mechanisms essential to the persistence and evolution of life on Earth, such as the transport of ions and viral pathogens through nuclear pores, 3,4 and the affinity of DNA molecules to biological membranes, as well as their stable wrapping around histone proteins. 5 The collective effect of electrostatic and HC interactions is also relevant to nanofluidic charge transport and energy conversion techniques, 6,7 the functioning of energy storage devices, 8 the manufacturing of synthetic fuels, 9 liquid purification by flocculation, 10 and water desalination by nanofiltration. 11,12 In solutions containing ions with typical hydrated sizes, HC interactions becoming substantial at submolar salt concentrations largely dominate the thermodynamics of the liquid in the molar concentration regime.…”

Investigating the Effects of Environmentally Friendly Additives on the Exhaust Gas Composition and Fuel Consumption of an Internal Combustion Engine

“…In addition, the main problem with synthetic fuels is the cost of producing them, as production so far has been carried out on an experimental basis, so obtaining e-fuel is several times more expensive than petrol or diesel [22][23][24].…”

The criteria for qualifying fuels as a replacement fuels for internal combustion engines

“…As a result, within the energy-related economy, there is currently a significant interest to explore broader avenues for obtaining accessible energy resources [2,3,9,14,15,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26]28]. This is primarily driven by environmental protection issues [1, 13, 16-19, 29, 30] and the energy security of states and state structures, ultimately impacting the quality of human life.…”