An Overview of Insect Hemocyte Science and its Future Application in Applied and Biomedical Fields

Pandey, Jay Prakash; Tiwari, Rajesh

doi:10.3923/ajbmb.2012.82.105

Cited by 30 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The ability of insects to inhabit such a wide variety of environments indicates a highly efficient and versatile immune response 3 - 5 . Insects and vertebrates diverged approximately 500 million years ago, and while vertebrates have developed an adaptive immune response, the vertebrate innate immune system still retains strong structural and functional similarities to the insect immune system 6 - 9 .…”

Section: Insects As In Vivo Model Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 1 , 2 The ability of insects to inhabit such a wide variety of environments indicates a highly efficient and versatile immune response. 3 - 5 Insects and vertebrates diverged approximately 500 million years ago, and while vertebrates have developed an adaptive immune response, the vertebrate innate immune system still retains strong structural and functional similarities to the insect immune system. 6 - 9 As a result of these conserved similarities a wide range of insects has been employed to study the virulence of bacterial and fungal pathogens and give results that are comparable with those obtained using vertebrates (e.g., mice).…”

Section: Insects As In Vivo Model Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There at least eight types of hemocytes found in insects: prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granular cells, coagulocytes, crystal cells, spherulocytes, oenocytoids, and thrombocytoids; 5 however, the majority of insects do not possess all types of hemocytes ( Fig. 2 ).…”

Section: The Insect Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These immune cells have similar phagocytic characteristics to granular cells and plasmatocytes of insects. 5 Neutrophil production occurs in the bone marrow of normal healthy adults, this production increases when there is infection; similarly in insects, hemocyte production also increases when infection is present. 50 Neutrophil contain different types of granules.…”

Section: Vertebrate Phagocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An analysis of the structural and functional similarities of insect hemocytes and mammalian phagocytes

2013

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The insect immune response demonstrates a number of structural and functional similarities to the innate immune system of mammals. As a result of these conserved features insects have become popular choices for evaluating the virulence of microbial pathogens or for assessing the efficacy of antimicrobial agents and give results which are comparable to those that can be obtained using mammals. Analysis of the cellular component of the insect and mammalian immune systems demonstrates many similarities. Insect hemocytes recognize pathogens and phagocytose material in a similar manner to neutrophils. The killing of ingested microbes is achieved in both cell types by the production of superoxide and by the release of enzymes in the process of degranulation. Insect hemocytes and mammalian neutrophils are sensitive to the same inhibitors. This review highlights the strong similarities between the phagocytic cells of both groups of animals and demonstrates the potential benefits of using selected insects as in vivo screening systems.

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Section: Insects As In Vivo Model Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Insects As In Vivo Model Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Insect Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vertebrate Phagocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An analysis of the structural and functional similarities of insect hemocytes and mammalian phagocytes

2013

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“…Insect hemocytes were first described by Swammerdam, and have since been characterized and categorized based on their structure, functions, and staining or histochemical reactions [11] . The most common types of hemocytes include prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes, spherulocytes, adipohemocytes, coagulocytes, and oenocytoids [12] , [13] , [14] . However, confusion still exists regarding hemocyte categorization because hemocyte types vary greatly depending on the insect species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Hemocytes in Larvae of Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis: Involvement of Granulocyte-Mediated Phagocytosis

2014

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Hemocytes are key players in the immune response against pathogens in insects. However, the hemocyte types and their functions in the white-spotted flower chafers, Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Kolbe), are not known. In this study, we used various microscopes, molecular probes, and flow cytometric analyses to characterize the hemocytes in P. brevitarsis seulensis. The circulating hemocytes were classified based on their size, morphology, and dye-staining properties into six types, including granulocytes, plasmatocytes, oenocytoids, spherulocytes, prohemocytes, and adipohemocytes. The percentages of circulating hemocyte types were as follows: 13% granulocytes, 20% plasmatocytes, 1% oenocytoids, 5% spherulocytes, 17% prohemocytes, and 44% adipohemocytes. Next, we identified the professional phagocytes, granulocytes, which mediate encapsulation and phagocytosis of pathogens. The granulocytes were immunologically or morphologically activated and phagocytosed potentially hazardous substances in vivo. In addition, we showed that the phagocytosis by granulocytes is associated with autophagy, and that the activation of autophagy could be an efficient way to eliminate pathogens in this system. We also observed a high accumulation of autophagic vacuoles in activated granulocytes, which altered their shape and led to autophagic cell death. Finally, the granulocytes underwent mitotic division thus maintaining their number in vivo.

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Evolutionary Origin of M2 Macrophage Activation: Invertebrates

Röszer

2020

Progress in Inflammation Research

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An Overview of Insect Hemocyte Science and its Future Application in Applied and Biomedical Fields

Cited by 30 publications

References 37 publications

An analysis of the structural and functional similarities of insect hemocytes and mammalian phagocytes

An analysis of the structural and functional similarities of insect hemocytes and mammalian phagocytes

Characterization of the Hemocytes in Larvae of Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis: Involvement of Granulocyte-Mediated Phagocytosis

Evolutionary Origin of M2 Macrophage Activation: Invertebrates

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