An overview of innovations and industrial solutions in Protein Microarray Technology

Abstract

The complexity involving protein array technology reflects in the fact that instrumentation and data analysis are subject to change depending on the biological question, technical compatibility of instruments and software used in each experiment. Industry has played a pivotal role in establishing standards for future deliberations in sustenance of these technologies in the form of protein array chips, arrayers, scanning devices, and data analysis software. This has enhanced the outreach of protein microarray technology to researchers across the globe. These have encouraged a surge in the adaptation of "nonclassical" approaches such as DNA-based protein arrays, micro-contact printing, label-free protein detection, and algorithms for data analysis. This review provides a unique overview of these industrial solutions available for protein microarray based studies. It aims at assessing the developments in various commercial platforms, thus providing a holistic overview of various modalities, options, and compatibility; summarizing the journey of this powerful high-throughput technology.

Discovering cellular protein‐protein interactions: Technological strategies and opportunities

“…Protein arrays are not within the scope of this review, but some variants will briefly be introduced because of their binary nature. These technologies are described elsewhere in more detail …”

“…These technologies are described elsewhere in more detail. 66 The ORFeome, a human collection of full-length expressible open reading frames (ORFs), 67 steadily increases in size and quality, making binary PPI technologies and protein arrays easier to perform. However, the standard protein arrays also need the preproduction and purification of many different proteins, which is notoriously laborintensive and costly.…”

Personalized Proteomics: The Future of Precision Medicine

“…The development and use of RNA microarrays allowed not only for determination of gene expression but also associations between the expressions of numerous proteins with disease states. The subsequent evolution of protein, peptide, and small molecule-based arrays increased the diversity of biomolecules and functions analyzable by microarray, e.g., expression, kinome and interactome profiling [19]. Yet microarrays are still limited by the array printed on the chip, an array that must be predetermined prior to production.…”

Harnessing the power of microbial nanowires

“…The osteointegration of orthopaedic and dental titanium implants can, for example, be improved with coatings of bifunctional peptides selected for their ability to simultaneously bind the titanium alloy and the targeted tissue (Yazici et al ., 2013). Peptide self‐assemblies have also inspired designs of molecular surface coatings used in cell adhesion assays (Chen et al ., 1997) and biosensors (Templin et al ., 2002; Bertone and Snyder, 2005; Ma et al ., 2012; Gupta et al ., 2016). Moreover, peptides can be printed onto solid surfaces in defined array geometries to develop platforms for the screening of antibodies (immunoassays), other proteins and peptides (study of protein–protein interactions), synthetic ligands (drug discovery) or small molecules (protein–metabolite interactions) (Gupta et al ., 2016).…”