An Overview of Indoor Localization System for Human Activity Recognition (HAR) in Healthcare

Abstract

The number of older people needing healthcare is a growing global phenomenon. The assistance in long-term care comprises a complex of medical, nursing, rehabilitation, and social assistance services. The cost is substantial, but technology can help reduce spending by ensuring efficient health services and improving the quality of life. Advances in artificial intelligence, wireless communication systems, and nanotechnology allow the creation of intelligent home care systems avoiding hospitalization with evident cost containment. They are capable of ensuring functions of recognition of activities, monitoring of vital functions, and tracking. However, it is essential to also have information on location in order to be able to promptly intervene in case of unforeseen events or assist people in carrying out activities in order to avoid incorrect behavior. In addition, the automatic detection of physical activities performed by human subjects is identified as human activity recognition (HAR). This work presents an overview of the positioning system as part of an integrated HAR system. Lastly, this study contains each technology’s concepts, features, accuracy, advantages, and limitations. With this work, we want to highlight the relationship between HAR and the indoor positioning system (IPS), which is poorly documented in the literature.

Relabeling for Indoor Localization Using Stationary Beacons in Nursing Care Facilities

“…Indoor Positioning System (IPS) allows localization within enclosed spaces, facilitating navigation and the tracking of individuals or objects through a network of transmitters and receivers [ 5 , 6 ]. Employing indoor positioning to monitor care routine and patient assistance is helpful to support nursing records and to optimize care response [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Several key positioning techniques exist, but the standard approach includes trilateration, triangulation, multilateration, and fingerprinting [ 10 ].…”

“…IPS differ in technology, signal measurement, and localization techniques tailored to suit the environment and particular use-case requirements [ 8 ]. Radiofrequency-based technologies [ 11 ], specifically Wi-Fi [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) [ 17 , 18 ], and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) [ 19 , 20 , 21 ], are typically preferred considering flexibility to setup and integration with IoT.…”

Intelligent indoor localization based on CSI via radio images and deep learning

“…The rapidly growing artificial intelligence, Internet of things (IoT), and wireless communication technologies have greatly facilitated the applications of location-based services, such as object navigation, healthcare management, smart life, and the applications of IoT [1][2][3][4]. Nearly all of these applications require an accurate location of indoors.…”

Comparative Analysis of Indoor Localization across Various Wireless Technologies

“…Indoor localization has become a paramount component across many fields, such as healthcare, security, and retail [1,2]. These diverse applications require accurate and reliable indoor localization systems to optimize functionality and performance.…”