2020
DOI: 10.3390/foods9121795
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An Overview of Histamine and Other Biogenic Amines in Fish and Fish Products

Abstract: The occurrence of biogenic amines in fish is directly associated with microorganisms with decarboxylase activity. These compounds are generally detoxified by oxidases in the intestinal tract of humans, but some conditions, such as alcohol consumption, enzyme deficiency, or monoamino-oxidase antidepressant use, can make their intake by food dangerous. Due to its toxicity, histamine is a unique biogenic amine with regulatory limits for fishery products. This review focuses on biogenic amines in fish, with a deta… Show more

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Cited by 125 publications
(89 citation statements)
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“…Apart from the fact that bacteria sense histamine, there is evidence that bacterialderived histamine has multiple consequences, for example, on host health [78] and food safety [87]. In fact, histamine levels are monitored in a number of different foods as a measure of food freshness [88,89].…”
Section: Histamine Release By Bacteria and Its Consequencesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Apart from the fact that bacteria sense histamine, there is evidence that bacterialderived histamine has multiple consequences, for example, on host health [78] and food safety [87]. In fact, histamine levels are monitored in a number of different foods as a measure of food freshness [88,89].…”
Section: Histamine Release By Bacteria and Its Consequencesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A low concentration of BAs produced from various types of food is essential to take action on gastric acid output and thermoregulation of the body; on the other hand, a high concentration of BAs is toxic to the body, which causes food poisoning or converts them to strong carcinogens [ 10 ]. Especially, Cad and Put become highly toxic as they easily form nitrosamines by reacting with the nitrous acid, whereas Trm and Him will affect the blood vessels and nervous system, which ultimately causes hypertension and headaches [ 11 , 12 ]. Therefore, continuous monitoring of BAs detection is required, especially in high-protein products such as meat products, which can easily be exposed to BAs.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In common with other fishery products, tuna is particularly prone to fast deterioration and chemical and microbiological contaminations [ 2 , 3 ], which together increase the likelihood of health risks associated with its consumption. Poisoning deriving from the consumption of spoiled or bacterially contaminated fish with high amount of histamine is the most common foodborne illness associated with fish consumption in the world and it is of particular concern due to the severe toxic effects generally occurring at histamine levels of more than 200 mg kg −1 [ 4 , 5 ]. For this reason, histamine is the only biogenic amine for which regulatory levels have been established at the international level [ 6 , 7 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%