An Overview of Fungal Keratitis and Case Report on Trichophyton Keratitis

Mravičić, Ivana; Dekaris, Iva; Gabrić, Nikica; Romac, Ivana; Glavota, Vlade; Missoni, Eduard

doi:10.5772/33695

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Candida albicans is one of the most widespread fungal pathogens involved in fungal keratitis [ 1 – 2 ]. The most common antifungal treatments include the use of polyenes and azoles; however, a significant treatment failure rate exists with these pharmacological agents [ 3 ]. Specifically, azole-based medications, which include imidazoles (e.g., miconazole, clotrimazole, and ketoconazole) and triazoles (e.g., fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole), inhibit ergosterol synthesis in the cell wall [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclodextrin–polysaccharide-based, in situ-gelled system for ocular antifungal delivery

Fernández‐Ferreiro¹,

Bargiela²,

Santiago-Varela³

et al. 2014

Beilstein J. Org. Chem.

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SummaryFluconazole was studied with two different hydrophilic cyclodextrins (hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) and sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBECD)) for the formation of inclusion complexes. HPBCD and SBECD showed low cell cytotoxicity in human keratocytes as assessed by the label-free xCELLigence system for real-time monitoring. The fluconazole–HPBCD complex was incorporated into an ion-sensitive ophthalmic gel composed of the natural polysaccharides gellan gum and κ-carrageenan. This system showed good bioadhesive properties and effective control of fluconazole release.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclodextrin–polysaccharide-based, in situ-gelled system for ocular antifungal delivery

Fernández‐Ferreiro¹,

Bargiela²,

Santiago-Varela³

et al. 2014

Beilstein J. Org. Chem.

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“…Other medications have been tried with moderate success. The infection typically takes a long time to heal and corneal perforation may occur in patients with untreated or partially treated keratitis which may require surgical intervention [1]. In the case presented, Drechslera spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Worldwide, the reported incidence of fungal keratitis is 17% to 36%, caused by fungi, most commonly Fusarium and Aspergillus and other less common species like Candida , Curvularia , and Monosporidium , among others [1]. Organisms belonging to Drechslera species are rare causes of human infection and are considered opportunistic pathogens; however, it has been seen in healthy hosts [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Keratitis Caused byDrechsleraspp. Treated with Voriconazole: A Case Report

Echavez

Agahan

Cariño

2013

Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine

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Objective. To present a case of Drechslera spp. keratitis treated with topical Voriconazole. Method. A case report. Results. A 52-year-old diabetic male presented with a one-week history of foreign body sensation of the left eye, self-medicated with Neomycin, Polymyxin B, and Dexamethasone eye drops, and was diagnosed to have bacterial conjunctivitis, which was treated with Levofloxacin drops. The patient developed a corneal opacity after 2 days and was initially seen with a visual acuity of counting fingers on the left eye, with a 3 mm central corneal ulcer with feathery borders. No hypopyon was noted. The right eye had a visual acuity of 20/20 and had unremarkable findings. Corneal scraping of the ulcer showed no organisms on Gram and Giemsa stain. Cultures were positive for Drechslera spp. and patient was started on Natamycin drops every 15 minutes, Atropine drops 3× a day, and Levofloxacin was continued every 4 hours. The ulcer increased to 4 mm, the infiltrates became deeper involving the midstroma, and there was appearance of a 2 mm hypopyon. Natamycin was shifted to Voriconazole eye drops every 15 minutes. There was note of a decrease in the size of the ulcer and clearing of the infiltrates with the new treatment regimen. Final visual acuity after 29 days of treatment was 20/40 with note of a slight corneal haze in the area of the previous ulcer. Conclusion. Voriconazole may be safe and effective in the treatment of Drechslera keratitis. There was no perforation and there was immediate decrease in the size of the ulcer. This is the first known case of Drechslera keratitis treated with Voriconazole eye drops in the Philippines.

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“…Treatment of oculomycosis usually involves use of antifungal eye drop (AEDs) in addition to systemic antifungal medications, and in some cases surgical interventions. 9 Conventionally, medical therapy involving the use of topical antifungal medication, which include the polyene antifungals, the azole and triazole and its derivatives such as Echinocandins. [9][10][11][12] This study therefore investigated the availability of AEDs in private retail and hospital pharmacies in Kumasi, in the Ashanti region for Ghana.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 Conventionally, medical therapy involving the use of topical antifungal medication, which include the polyene antifungals, the azole and triazole and its derivatives such as Echinocandins. [9][10][11][12] This study therefore investigated the availability of AEDs in private retail and hospital pharmacies in Kumasi, in the Ashanti region for Ghana. From this study, policy makers and stake holders such as the Ministry of Health (MOH) and the agencies under its umbrella including the Ghana Health Service (GHS), Christian Health Association of Ghana (CHAG), the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS), Non-Governmental Health Organizations, as well as Private Health Institutions would be well informed to be able to provide and meet the needs for the treatment of oculomycosis in Ghana.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Availability of antifungal eye drops in hospital and private retail pharmacies: a survey conducted in Kumasi, Ghana

Gyanfosu

Koffuor

Abokyi

et al. 2016

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Oculomycosis is a fungal infection of the eye which commonly manifests itself as exogenous or endogenous endophthalmitis, and keratomycosis. 1,2 The incidence of oculomycosis is higher; in tropical and semitropical areas of the world, and with warmer temperatures, rampant rainfall, windy seasons, and harvest periods. 3,4 It is more common among the agricultural population, and is responsible for 4-60% of cases of corneal ulcers in tropical areas. 5-7 In Ghana it accounts for 36.7% of corneal ulcers. 3 Reports on oculomycosis globally has increased in recent ABSTRACT Background: Effective treatment of oculomycosis involves the use of antifungal eye drops in addition to systemic antifungal medications. The aim of this study therefore was to ascertain the availability of antifungal eye drops in hospital and private retail pharmacies in Kumasi, in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using a structured questionnaire to obtain information on stocking of antifungal eye drops was administered to workers in 99 randomly selected pharmacies in Kumasi between January-June, 2015. Results: Respondents sampled from the pharmacies were: Pharmacists (37.4%), Medicine counter assistants (36.4%), and Pharmacy technicians (26.3%). Although none of the pharmacies visited had antifungal eye drops (AEDs) in stock, 25 (25.3%) had stocked these before; 18 (72%) stocked fluconazole while 7 (28%) stocked natamycin (17 (68%) indicated fluconazole to be the most patronised). The stocking pattern was not regular as 16 (64%) only stocked on demand. 51.5% the acquired AEDs from local importers of pharmaceutical medicines while 48.5% imported them by themselves. For the 74 (73.7%) pharmacies that did not stock, 60 (80.8%) indicated that AEDs were not NHIS-approved medicines, 51 (68.9%) indicated unavailability from wholesalers to stock, and another 27 (36.4%) indicated that prescriptions were rarely received at the pharmacies. Majority 71.7% of the respondents perceived AEDs to be scarce in Ghana. Conclusions: Antifungal eye drops are unavailable in hospital and private retail pharmacies in Kumasi, and is perceived to be scarce in Ghana.

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An Overview of Fungal Keratitis and Case Report on Trichophyton Keratitis

Cited by 17 publications

References 4 publications

Cyclodextrin–polysaccharide-based, in situ-gelled system for ocular antifungal delivery

Cyclodextrin–polysaccharide-based, in situ-gelled system for ocular antifungal delivery

Fungal Keratitis Caused byDrechsleraspp. Treated with Voriconazole: A Case Report

Availability of antifungal eye drops in hospital and private retail pharmacies: a survey conducted in Kumasi, Ghana

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