An overview of fungal chitinases and their potential applications

Thakur, Deepali; Bairwa, Aarti; Dipta, Bhawna; Jhilta, Prakriti; Chauhan, Anjali

doi:10.1007/s00709-023-01839-5

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…Chitinase can hydrolyze chitin, the main component of the fungal cell wall, and plays a significant role in the balance of carbon and nitrogen in ecosystems [30]. Chitinase is also involved in cell wall remodeling, hyphal development, branching and autolysis during fungal spore germination and contraction [31,32]. After REO treatment, the chitinase activity of C. gloeosporioides showed an overall increasing trend with time and increased rapidly within 12 h, after which the growth leveled off (Figure 3a).…”

Section: Effects Of Reo On Cell Wall Of C Gloeosporioidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and Antifungal Mechanism of Rosemary Essential Oil against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

Yuan,

Hua,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Forests

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The antifungal activity and mechanism of rosemary essential oil against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, the walnut anthracnose pathogen, were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), index determination and transcriptome technique. The results showed that rosemary essential oil could inhibit the growth of C. gloeosporioides with minimum inhibitory (MIC) and fungicidal (MFC) concentrations of 15.625 μL/mL and 31.25 μL/mL, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the mycelium morphology became shriveled, twisted, and severely deformed after being treated with rosemary essential oil. The activity of chitinase, which decomposes fungal cell wall components in C. gloeosporioides, increased. The ergosterol content in the plasma membrane decreased, while the cell contents including nucleic acids, soluble protein and soluble reducing sugar were released resulting in the extracellular electrical conductivity being changed. For metabolic activity, the enzymes succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), ATPase and ATP decreased, whereas phosphofructokinase (PFK) increased. Transcriptome sequencing results showed that the antifungal mechanism of rosemary essential oil involves the destruction of the cell wall and membrane, inhibition of genetic material synthesis, and cell division and differentiation. The results are helpful to understand the efficacy and antifungal mechanism of rosemary essential oil against C. gloeosporioides and provide a theoretical basis for the development of rosemary essential oil as a biological control agent.

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Section: Effects Of Reo On Cell Wall Of C Gloeosporioidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and Antifungal Mechanism of Rosemary Essential Oil against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

Yuan,

Hua,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Forests

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“…A study on juvenile Penaeus monodon found that increasing the amount of chitin in the feed had no significant effects on individual weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, production, or survival rate [71]. In another study with seabass, chitinase supplementation was found to improve some innate immune functions, including the expression of certain immune-related genes [58]. However, the study did not examine the long-term effects of chitinase supplementation.…”

Section: Role Of Chitinase In Disease Prevention and Immunitymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Fungi are the dominant group of chitinase producers among microorganisms, and many efficient chitinolytic fungi with potential applications have been identified in a variety of environments, including soil, water, marine litter, and plants. This suggests that fungal chitinases may be a sustainable option for chitin degradation in aquaculture [58]. Recent research has shown that the use of fungal chitinases in IM containing feeds may be a promising strategy to improve nutrient uptake in marine fish such as European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), which is one of the most commonly farmed species in Mediterranean aquaculture [59,60].…”

Section: Fungal Chitinases: a Key To Improved Digestibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitinase and Insect Meal in Aquaculture Nutrition: A Comprehensive Overview of the Latest Achievements

Hasan,

Gai,

Cirrincione

et al. 2023

Fishes

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The aquaculture industry is looking for sustainable alternatives to conventional fish meals in fish feed, and insect-based meals are proving to be a promising solution. These meals are nutritionally optimal as they have a high protein content and an ideal amino acid profile. However, the presence of chitin, a component of the insect exoskeleton in these meals presents both an opportunity and a challenge. Chitosan, a derivative of chitin, is known to improve the physiological functions of fish, including growth, immunity, and disease resistance. While chitin and its derivative chitosan offer several physiological benefits, their presence can affect the digestibility of feed in some fish species, making the inclusion of insect-based meals in aquafeeds complex. While studies suggest positive effects, some problems, such as reduced growth rates in certain species, emphasize the need for further research on chitin digestion in fish. Chitinase, an enzyme that breaks down chitin, is being investigated as a potential solution to improve the nutritional value of insect meals in aquafeed. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the applications, benefits, and challenges of using chitinase in aquaculture, highlighting the enzyme’s role in improving feed digestibility, disease control, and environmental sustainability. Extensive research is required to fully understand the potential of chitinase enzymes in aquaculture and to optimize their applications in this dynamic field. Overall, this review provides insight into the evolving landscape of insect-based meals and the applications of chitinase enzymes within sustainable aquaculture practices.

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“…Chitin, an abundant polysaccharide found ubiquitously in the cell walls of fungi, exoskeletons of arthropods, and other crustaceans, stands as an unyielding fortress, imparting resilience and structural integrity to countless living organisms (Bai et al 2022). Chitinases, as the vanguard of chitin hydrolysis, were initially studied for their significance in the natural recycling processes, enabling the cyclic flow of nutrients within ecosystems Responsible Editor: Gerald Thouand (Kumar et al 2022;Thakur et al 2023a). However, in the quest to understand the profound intricacies of these fascinating enzymes, researchers have been astounded by their diverse and intricate roles in a myriad of biological functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitinases: expanding the boundaries of knowledge beyond routinized chitin degradation.

Unuofin,

Odeniyi,

Majengbasan

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Chitinases, enzymes that degrade chitin, have long been studied for their role in various biological processes. They play crucial roles in the moulting process of invertebrates, the digestion of chitinous food, and defense against chitin-bearing pathogens. Additionally, chitinases are involved in physiological functions in crustaceans, such as chitinous food digestion, moulting, and stress response. Moreover, chitinases are universally distributed in organisms from viruses to mammals and have diverse functions including tissue degradation and remodeling, nutrition uptake, pathogen invasion, and immune response regulation. The discovery of these diverse functions expands our understanding of the biological significance and potential applications of chitinases. However, recent research has shown that chitinases possess several other functions beyond just chitin degradation. Their potential as biopesticides, therapeutic agents, and tools for bioremediation underscores their significance in addressing global challenges. More importantly, we noted that they may be applied as bioweapons if ethical regulations regarding production, engineering and application are overlooked.

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An overview of fungal chitinases and their potential applications

Cited by 6 publications

References 166 publications

Efficacy and Antifungal Mechanism of Rosemary Essential Oil against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

Efficacy and Antifungal Mechanism of Rosemary Essential Oil against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

Chitinase and Insect Meal in Aquaculture Nutrition: A Comprehensive Overview of the Latest Achievements

Chitinases: expanding the boundaries of knowledge beyond routinized chitin degradation.

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