An overview of fungal biopolymers: bioemulsifiers and biosurfactants compounds production

The Genus Phoma: A Review of Its Potential Bioactivities, Implications, and Prospects

“…In general, the fungi produce various compounds that can be divided into high molecular weight compounds such as heteropolysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides, proteins, lipoproteins, or complexes of components, and a wide variety of chemical structures including glycolipids, lipopeptides, polymeric polysaccharide-protein complexes, fatty acids, and phospholipids with a low molecular weight (Luft et al 2020). 1,7-Dihydroxy-3-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone (1), 1,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone (phomarin, 2), 1-hydroxy-3-methyl-9,10anthraquinone (pachybasin, 3), and 1-7-dihydroxy-3hydroxymethyl-9,10-anthraquinone (4) Orange (1,2,4), yellow (3) Borges and Pupo (2006) Phoma herbarum -Magenta Chiba et al (2006) Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are the most frequently studied fungal polysaccharides, besides cell wall polysaccharides and intracellular cytosolic polysaccharides.…”

Extraction, purification and applications of biosurfactants based on microbial-derived glycolipids and lipopeptides: a review

“…Surfactants are chemically synthetic compounds that reduce surface tension have commercial applications but not abide by the rules of green chemistry and are pernicious to the environment (Luft et al 2020;Al-agamy et al 2021). Chemical surfactants' environmental impacts have gained much attention owing to their toxicity and inability to degrade, so environmentally friendly and biodegradable surfactants have been in high demand (Reis et al 2013;Varjani and Upasani 2017).…”

“…They are a fascinating class of secondary metabolites with tensioactive properties that make them beneficial in various industries of biotechnological sectors (Marcelino et al 2019). There have been myriad articles on biosurfactants derived from microbes of different genera (Hajfarajollah et al 2018;Perfumo et al 2018;Fenibo et al 2019;Kubicki et al 2019;Luft et al 2020;Al-agamy et al 2021). Despite being analogous to the synthetic surfactants, in their properties, they are eco-friendly with lower toxicity, stability at higher temperature and extreme pH, biodegradability, and tailor-made to comply with explicit stipulation (Gudiña et al 2016b;Jahan et al 2020;Markande et al 2021).…”

Optimization of Exopolysaccharide (EPS) Production by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa sp. GUMS16

“…The use of polysaccharides, in the production of hydrogels, films, aerogels etc. for application in tissue engineering, is well known [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The current study, therefore, proposes the biosynthesis of valuable exopolysaccharides (EPSs), from carbon and nitrogen substrates, under the action of microbes by enabling the chemical condensation of intracellular nucleotide sugars and starter precursors in several metabolic pathways [7,8].…”

“…Compared to conventional plant or algal sourced polysaccharides, EPSs are characterized by lower production costs and more efficient downstream processing, illustrated by the potential for continuous harvesting from the cell-free culture supernatant [12]. EPSs are also characterized by unique amphiphilic, gelling, biocompatibility, biodegradability, bioactivity properties have diverse biomedical, environmental and food applications [2,7,13,14]. These properties highlight that EPS may be particularly useful in tissues engineering [15,16].…”