An overview of freshwater Tardigrada in Northern Western Ghats of India

Bhakare, Kalyani; Pai, Kalpana

doi:10.1007/s10452-021-09886-x

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Its interaction with latitude for all and oriental species represented increased species richness in the Western Ghats, the mountainous rainforest region in southern India, and stood out from the less diverse areas that bordered it [ 24 , 33 ]. The Western Ghats are a well-recognized Paleogene forest refugium [ 91 ] and speciation center (mammals: Moore [ 92 ], Nameer [ 93 ]; birds: Ramesh et al [ 94 ]; reptiles: Varadaraju [ 95 ]; amphibians: Dutta et al [ 96 ]; Odonata: Subramanian et al [ 97 ]), harboring multiple butterfly endemics [ 33 , 98 ]. By increasing their diversity near the southern tip of the peninsula, they counteract the peninsular decrease in species numbers; however, this effect is not strong enough to generate increased species richness towards the south.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geography of Indian Butterflies: Patterns Revealed by Checklists of Federal States

Das

Fric

Panthee

et al. 2023

Insects

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Butterflies are widely used to analyze biogeographical patterns, both at the global and regional scales. Thus far, most of the latter originated from well-surveyed northern regions, while the species-rich tropical areas lag due to a lack of appropriate data. We used checklists of 1379 butterfly species recorded in 36 federal states of the Republic of India (1) to explore the basic macroecological rules, and (2) to relate species richness and the distribution of endemics and geographic elements to geography, climate, land covers and socioeconomic conditions of the states. The area, land covers diversity and latitude did not affect species richness, whereas topographic diversity and the precipitation/temperature ratio (energy availability) were positive predictors. This is due the geographic and climatic idiosyncrasies of the Indian subcontinent, with its highest species richness in the small, densely forested mountainous northeast that receives summer monsoons. The peninsular effect that decreases the richness towards the tip of subcontinent is counterbalanced by the mountainous forested Western Ghats. Afrotropical elements are associated with savannahs, while Palearctic elements are associated with treeless habitats. The bulk of Indian butterfly richness, and the highest conservation priorities, overlap with global biodiversity hotspots, but the mountainous states of the Western Himalayas and the savannah states of peninsular India host distinctive faunas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geography of Indian Butterflies: Patterns Revealed by Checklists of Federal States

Das

Fric

Panthee

et al. 2023

Insects

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“…Butterflies were identified with the help of standard field guide (Smetacek 2017). The names (common and scientific names) and taxonomic position (family and sub family) of recorded butterfly species were accorded following Bhakare & Ogale (2018). We also assigned a local status to each recorded species based on the frequency of sightings following Samanta et al (2017) as abundant (A)-sighted on 75-100 % of survey days; common (C)-sighted on 50-74.99 % of survey days; occasional (O)-sighted on 25-49.99 % of survey days; and rare (R)-sighted on less than 25% of survey days.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and status of butterfly fauna at Kurukshetra University campus, Haryana, India

Vidisha Gupta,

Parmesh Kumar

2024

J. Threat. Taxa

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Campuses of educational institutions in India serve as important reservoirs for different faunal components, including ecologically sensitive species like butterflies. To record the diversity, status, and occurrence of butterfly fauna in Kurukshetra University Campus, Haryana, a year-long survey was done from July 2021 to June 2022. A total of 710 individuals of butterflies belonging to 39 species, 32 genera, and five families were recorded. Nymphalidae represented the highest diversity with 13 species followed by Lycaenidae (11 species), Pieridae (10 species), Papilionidae (3 species), and Hesperiidae (2 species). The number of individuals encountered was maximum in family Pieridae (n = 158) while the minimum was in family Hesperiidae (n = 4). Species richness, abundance, and diversity differed significantly (P <0.05) across the different seasons. Species richness was recorded to be the highest in summer season (35 species) followed by monsoon, post monsoon, and winter. Among the recorded species, one species, i.e., Common Baron Euthelia aconthea is protected under Schedule II of the Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act (2022). The findings of the present study support the importance of the higher educational institution campuses in providing valuable habitat and resources for butterflies.

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“…These diagnostic characteristics may be compared in pictorial guides of S. Asian, S. Chinese and Indo-Chinese butterflies, which reveal no closely resembling species in the Indo-Malayan Region (Bhakare & Ogale 2018;d'Abrera 1986;Ek-Amnuay 2012;Evans 1932;Inayoshi 2023;Io 2000;Kinyon 2003;Pinratana 1981;van der Poorten & van der Poorten 2016;Woodhouse 1949). Genitalia of most Indian Cigaritis have not been dissected and properly illustrated yet, so it is not possible at present to compare them.…”

Section: Cigaritis Conjuncta Sp Nov Kunte and Senguptamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following nine Cigaritis species occur in peninsular India, which were previously listed under Spindasis except for C. acamas and C. lilacinus that were listed under Apharitis: (1) C. abnormis (Moore, [1884]), (2) C. acamas (Klug, 1834), (3) C. elima (Moore, 1877), (4) C. ictis (Hewitson, 1865), ( 5) C. lilacinus (Moore, 1884), (6) C. lohita (Horsfield, [1829]), ( 7) C. schistacea (Moore, [1881]), (8) C. syama (Horsfield, [1829]), included in peninsular India based on recent records from Odisha and Madhya Pradesh (Kunte 2023), and (9) C. vulcanus (Fabricius, 1775) (Bhakare & Ogale 2018;d'Abrera 1986;Evans 1932;Kunte et al 2023). The following species occur in the neighbouring Sri Lanka with which the Western Ghats are recognised as a global biodiversity hotspot:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new species of silverline butterfly, Cigaritis Donzel, 1847 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), from the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India

KUNTE,

SENGUPTA,

PAWAR

et al. 2024

Zootaxa

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A new species, Cigaritis conjuncta sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), is described based on five male and four female specimens from Honey Valley, Kodagu District, Karnataka, which is part of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India. Cigaritis conjuncta sp. nov. is distinguished from all other congeners in India and Sri Lanka based on the following combination of diagnostic characters in the male: (a) dorsal forewing outer half, costal margin and nearly upper half of the cell black without orange markings, the remaining wing shining deep blue, (b) dorsal hindwing tornus pale orange-red with two black spots, (c) ventral forewing bands at end of discal cell conjoined, and (e) ventral hindwing subbasal and discal bands composed of spots that are not separated but conjoined to form broad bands that have irregular outlines, leaving only a narrow background colour in between. Female is similar on the ventral side, but entirely dark brown above. Male and female genitalia are dissected and figured for two paratypes of each sex, and natural history notes on the species are provided.

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An overview of freshwater Tardigrada in Northern Western Ghats of India

Cited by 7 publications

References 55 publications

Geography of Indian Butterflies: Patterns Revealed by Checklists of Federal States

Geography of Indian Butterflies: Patterns Revealed by Checklists of Federal States

Diversity and status of butterfly fauna at Kurukshetra University campus, Haryana, India

A new species of silverline butterfly, Cigaritis Donzel, 1847 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), from the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India

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