An overview of floral regulatory genes in annual and perennial plants

Rehman, Shazia; Bahadur, Saraj; Xia, Weiya

doi:10.1016/j.gene.2023.147699

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 337 publications

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“…A key event in the life cycle of angiosperms is the formation of flowers, which marks the transitions of plants from vegetative growth to reproductive growth [1]. It not only directly affects the growth, development, and yield of crop plants but also has a great impact on horticultural plants as the flower is the most important ornamental part in landscaping [2]. Flowering is controlled by a very large and fine-tuned regulatory network, which integrates various exogenous and endogenous factors to determine the most appropriate flowering time [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

WRKY22 Transcription Factor from Iris laevigata Regulates Flowering Time and Resistance to Salt and Drought

Fan,

Niu,

Shi

et al. 2024

Plants

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Iris laevigata Fisch. is an excellent ornamental plant in cold regions due to its unique ornamental ability and strong cold resistance. However, the flowering period of the population is only about 20 days, greatly limiting its potential uses in landscaping and the cutting flower industry. In addition, I. laevigata is often challenged with various abiotic stresses including high salinity and drought in its native habitats. Thus, breeding novel cultivars with delayed flowering time and higher resistance to abiotic stress is of high importance. In this study, we utilized sequencing data from the I. laevigata transcriptome to identify WRKYs and characterized IlWRKY22, a key transcription factor that modulates flowering time and abiotic stress responses. IlWRKY22 is induced by salt and drought stress. We cloned IlWRKY22 and found that it is a Group IIe WRKY localized in the nucleus. Overexpressing IlWRKY22 in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. and Nicotiana tabacum L. resulted in a delayed flowering time in the transgenic plants. We created transgenic N. tabacum overexpressing IlWRKY22, which showed significantly improved resistance to both salt and drought compared to the control plants. Thus, our study revealed a unique dual function of IlWRKY22, an excellent candidate gene for breeding novel Iris cultivars of desirable traits.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

WRKY22 Transcription Factor from Iris laevigata Regulates Flowering Time and Resistance to Salt and Drought

Fan,

Niu,

Shi

et al. 2024

Plants

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“…Plants have evolved their flowering strategies to maximize reproductive success. Both environmental and endogenous signals influence the timing of flowering via integration in photoperiod, temperature, vernalization, aging, phytohormone, autonomous pathways, and carbohydrate metabolism ( Teotia and Tang, 2015 ; Rehman et al., 2023 ). Among these signals, photoperiod is considered as the most crucial environmental cue for flowering time regulation, as it is a stable indicator of the seasonal changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight from expression profiles of FT orthologs in plants: conserved photoperiodic transcriptional regulatory mechanisms

Lee,

Shim,

Kang

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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Floral transition from the vegetative to the reproductive stages is precisely regulated by both environmental and endogenous signals. Among these signals, photoperiod is one of the most important environmental factors for onset of flowering. A florigen, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) in Arabidopsis, has thought to be a major hub in the photoperiod-dependent flowering time regulation. Expression levels of FT likely correlates with potence of flowering. Under long days (LD), FT is mainly synthesized in leaves, and FT protein moves to shoot apical meristem (SAM) where it functions and in turns induces flowering. Recently, it has been reported that Arabidopsis grown under natural LD condition flowers earlier than that grown under laboratory LD condition, in which a red (R)/far-red (FR) ratio of light sources determines FT expression levels. Additionally, FT expression profile changes in response to combinatorial effects of FR light and photoperiod. FT orthologs exist in most of plants and functions are thought to be conserved. Although molecular mechanisms underlying photoperiodic transcriptional regulation of FT orthologs have been studied in several plants, such as rice, however, dynamics in expression profiles of FT orthologs have been less spotlighted. This review aims to revisit previously reported but overlooked expression information of FT orthologs from various plant species and classify these genes depending on the expression profiles. Plants, in general, could be classified into three groups depending on their photoperiodic flowering responses. Thus, we discuss relationship between photoperiodic responsiveness and expression of FT orthologs. Additionally, we also highlight the expression profiles of FT orthologs depending on their activities in flowering. Comparative analyses of diverse plant species will help to gain insight into molecular mechanisms for flowering in nature, and this can be utilized in the future for crop engineering to improve yield by controlling flowering time.

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“…One key historical discovery in floral biology was the identification of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), a main inducer of the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth (Kobayashi et al, 1999). Current research aims to elucidate the contributions of FT homologs and FT-associated genes, including the repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and the modulators FLOWERING LOCUS D (FD), CONSTANS (CO), and GIGANTEA (GI), to floral onset in species with different light requirements (Kim, 2020;Rehman et al, 2023). In Lee et al the authors review FT gene family expression in long-day, short-day, and day neutral crops.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Much of what we have learned of the foundational basis of floral timing and formation has been gained from studies using the model species Arabidopsis thaliana ( Arabidopsis ) ( Coen and Meyerowitz, 1991 ; Causier et al., 2010 ). As a result, many genes are now known to be conserved across a wide variety of agriculturally and horticulturally important species with widely diverse floral forms ( Rehman et al., 2023 ). At present, researchers seek to apply current knowledge to other species of interest and to make new discoveries in existing systems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Editorial: Floral biology: understanding and applications

Klocko,

Esumi,

Hughes

2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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An overview of floral regulatory genes in annual and perennial plants

Cited by 11 publications

References 337 publications

WRKY22 Transcription Factor from Iris laevigata Regulates Flowering Time and Resistance to Salt and Drought

WRKY22 Transcription Factor from Iris laevigata Regulates Flowering Time and Resistance to Salt and Drought

Insight from expression profiles of FT orthologs in plants: conserved photoperiodic transcriptional regulatory mechanisms

Editorial: Floral biology: understanding and applications

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