An overview of Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis: XtL processes, catalysts and reactors

RETRACTED: Recent Development of Renewable Diesel Production Using Bimetallic Catalysts

“…Specific catalysts are required to boost the reaction activity or negative output may observe if inappropriate catalysts are used. Undesired side reaction that influences main reaction pathway due to unsuitable catalyst has to be avoided such that Ni leads to methanation in FT process (Martinelli et al, 2020). Therefore, bimetallic catalysts are introduced to overcome such issue and enhance the efficiency in catalytic processes.…”

Mass transfer advantage of hierarchical structured cobalt‐based catalyst pellet for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis

“…[1][2][3] Fixed-bed reactors have been widely adopted in low-temperature cobalt-based FTS process, because of the easy separation of catalysts from heavy waxy products, easy to scale-up, low maintenance and low losses due to attrition. 2 Although the fixed-bed FTS technology has been commercially applied worldwide, the trade-off between diffusion length in one single pellet and the pressure drop on the bed length is still a substantial issue for current fixed-bed reactor study. 4 For instance, fixed-bed reactors generally require large catalyst pellets (1-3 mm) to ensure proper pressure drop at specific capacity per reactor, 5 while such millimeter-scale catalyst pellets are proved to suffer from severe internal diffusion limitation and the resulting inefficient utilization of active cobalt species and excessive methane Congcong Niu and Hansheng Li contributed equally to this study.…”

“…), has drawn great attention due to the environmental and political considerations, the changes in world fossil energy reserves and the improvements to the FTS technology. [1][2][3] Fixed-bed reactors have been widely adopted in low-temperature cobalt-based FTS process, because of the easy separation of catalysts from heavy waxy products, easy to scale-up, low maintenance and low losses due to attrition. 2 Although the fixed-bed FTS technology has been commercially applied worldwide, the trade-off between diffusion length in one single pellet and the pressure drop on the bed length is still a substantial issue for current fixed-bed reactor study.…”

“…According to the definition of Thiele modulus Φ = L(kρ s /D e ) 1,2,10 decreasing characteristic diffusion distance (L) could help alleviate the mass transfer restrictions in catalyst pellet. The eggshell catalyst with active species only deposited in the outer portion of the pellet while keeping the size of the pellet unchanged is an attractive solution to shorten the diffusion length independently.…”

“…Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS), playing an essential role in the production of liquid fuels and/or chemicals from non‐petroleum fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, biomass etc. ), has drawn great attention due to the environmental and political considerations, the changes in world fossil energy reserves and the improvements to the FTS technology 1–3 …”