An overview of experimental results and dispersion modelling of nanoparticles in the wake of moving vehicles

Carpentieri, Matteo; Kumar, Prashant; Robins, Alan

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2010.11.041

Cited by 51 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Later, they reviewed the characteristics and impacts of biofuelled vehicles derived nanoparticles on the number-based regulations [5]. Their further article in this series focused on the dispersion modelling of nanoparticles in the wake of moving vehicles, and presented a critical analysis of the information on dispersion models and techniques (numerical and computational) used for dispersion modelling at this fine scale [25]. A recent review by Kumar et al [26] illustrated dynamics and dispersion modelling of nanoparticles at five spatial scales (vehicle wake, street scale, neighbourhood, city and tunnel).…”

Section: State-of-the-art Summary Of Recent Review Articlesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nanoparticles in European Cities and Associated Health Impacts

Kumar

Morawska

Harrison

2012

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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Atmospheric nanoparticles are a pollutant currently unregulated through ambient air quality standards. The aim of this chapter is to assess the environmental and health impacts of atmospheric nanoparticles in European environments. This chapter begins with the conventional information on the origin of atmospheric nanoparticles, followed by their physical and chemical characteristics. A brief overview of recently published review articles on this topic is then presented to guide those readers interested in exploring any specific aspect of nanoparticles in greater detail. A further section reports a summary of recently published studies on atmospheric nanoparticles in European cities. This covers a total of about 45 sampling locations in 30 different cities within 15 European countries for quantifying levels of roadside and urban background particle number concentrations (PNCs). Average PNCs at the reviewed roadside and urban background sites were found to be 3.82 AE 3.25 Â 10 4 and 1.63 AE 0.82 Â 10 4 cm À3 , respectively, giving a roadside to background PNC ratio of~2.4. Engineered nanoparticles are one of the key emerging categories of airborne nanoparticles, especially for the indoor environments. Their ambient concentrations may increase in future due to widespread use of nanotechnology integrated products. Evaluation of their sources and probable impacts on air quality and human health are briefly discussed in the following section. Respiratory deposition doses received by the public exposed to roadside PNCs in numerous European locations are then estimated. These were found to be in the 1.17-7.56 Â 10 10 h À1 range over the studied roadside European locations. The following section discusses the potential framework for airborne nanoparticle regulations in Europe and, in addition, the existing control measures to limit nanoparticle emissions at source. The chapter finally concludes with a synthesis of the topic areas covered and highlights important areas for further work.

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Section: State-of-the-art Summary Of Recent Review Articlesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nanoparticles in European Cities and Associated Health Impacts

Kumar

Morawska

Harrison

2012

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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“…As there was a lack of particle size distribution in the ambient environment due to limitations of measurement tools, the initial particle concentration in each category could not be recorded during the ambient environment measurement in the underground parking lot. Since the physical model in the study was no more than 2.5 m behind the tailpipe, which was in the range of the vehicle exhaust plume (Carpentieri et al 2011), particle concentration was usually controlled by vehicle exhaust particles instead of ambient particles (Ketzel and Berkowicz 2004;Chan et al 2010). The effect of particle size distribution in the ambient environment on particle coagulation in the vehicle exhaust plume was quite limited.…”

Section: Numerical Conditions and Case Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of particle coagulation in an underground parking lot

Zhao

Kato

Zhao

2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Particles in vehicle exhaust plumes in underground parking lots have adverse health effects due to the enclosed environment in which they are released and the temperature difference between the tailpipe and ambient environment; at the same time, particle coagulation might be obvious near the tailpipe in an underground parking lot. In the present study, airflow and temperature fields were calculated using the Realizable k-ε model, and the Eulerian particle transport model was selected in the numerical simulation of particle concentration dispersion. Polydisperse thermal coagulation due to Brownian collisions was employed to calculate the particle coagulation. The results show that particle coagulation rate and half-time were significant within 1 m from the tailpipe. The variations in the particle coagulation rate and half-time were similar, but their directions were opposite. Air exhaust time was nearly four times longer than averaged half-time and 40 times longer than minimum half-time. The peak particle diameter increased approximately 1.43 times due to coagulation. A double particle concentration at the tailpipe caused the fourfold rise in the particle coagulation rate in the distance ranging less than 1 m from the tailpipe. An increase in exhaust velocity at the tailpipe could shorten the obvious range of particle coagulation along the centerline of the tailpipe from 1 to 0.8 m in the study.

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“…Exhaust gas diffusion is a complicated process and have attached much attention in recent years (Sharma and Khare 2001;Sagrado et al 2002;Dong and Chan 2006;Kanda et al 2006;Albriet et al 2010;Hathway et al 2011;Aliyu et al 2014;Kim and Baik 2003;Mohamed 2013;Gérardin et al 2014;Carpentieri et al 2011). For a better understand of it, many approaches, such as field observations and measurements, laboratory modeling, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, have been proposed to investigate it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Gérardin et al (2014) adopted RNG k-e model to investigate the particle dispersion in the near-wake of an isolated rotating wheel. With high spatio-temporal resolutions, CFD model can give more comprehensive information on the flow and pollutant transport phenomenon (Carpentieri et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of exhaust gas dispersion in the near-wake region of a light-duty vehicle

Shi

2016

Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess

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The air pollution induced by urban traffic has addressed much attention in recent years as the rapid urbanization and the fast increase of vehicle number in urban area. In this study, we attempted to investigate the dispersion behavior of exhaust gas from exhaust pipe using computational fluid dynamics approach. The time-averaged CO 2 concentration, velocity and temperature profiles along the centerline of the vehicular exhaust plume were simulated in varied situations. The computational results showed good agreement with the experimental data and the numerical model was validated to be an effective method to investigate the pollutant dispersion in the near-wake region of a vehicle. Based on it, the numerical simulations were extended to explore the impacts of the emit concentration, the emit direction and the incoming velocity on the flow dynamics and CO 2 dispersion. The outputs indicated that the emit concentration could change the pollution level in the near-wake region of a vehicle and the emit direction may alter the spreading direction of the vehicular exhaust plume. The incoming velocity was found to have dominant influence on the dispersion of pollutant due to induced vortices and turbulence behind the vehicle. These findings are expected to provide important insight into evaluating the design and control strategies for alleviating mobile source emissions.

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An overview of experimental results and dispersion modelling of nanoparticles in the wake of moving vehicles

Cited by 51 publications

References 73 publications

Nanoparticles in European Cities and Associated Health Impacts

Nanoparticles in European Cities and Associated Health Impacts

Characteristics of particle coagulation in an underground parking lot

Investigation of exhaust gas dispersion in the near-wake region of a light-duty vehicle

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