An overview of current COVID-19 vaccine platforms

Nagy, Abdou; Alhatlani, Bader Y.

doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.061

Cited by 126 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…These vaccines are known for their inherent long-term safety and efficacy after administration and lack of preexisting antivector immunity ( 54 ). Moreover, the production safety, production costs, and vaccine storage temperatures are advantageous compared to mRNA and adenovirus vector vaccines, especially for scale-up manufacturing and global distribution ( 55 ). In this study, we have used the versatile and scalable baculovirus expression vector system to generate a two-component nanoparticle vaccine that induced a potent neutralizing antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 variants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Component Nanoparticle Vaccine Displaying Glycosylated Spike S1 Domain Induces Neutralizing Antibody Response against SARS-CoV-2 Variants

Oosten

Altenburg

Fougeroux³

et al. 2021

mBio

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Vaccines pave the way out of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We have developed a virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccine using the baculovirus-insect cell expression system, a robust production platform known for its scalability, low cost, and safety. Baculoviruses were constructed encoding SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins: full-length S, stabilized secreted S, or the S1 domain. This two-component nanoparticle vaccine can now be further developed to help alleviate the burden of COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Component Nanoparticle Vaccine Displaying Glycosylated Spike S1 Domain Induces Neutralizing Antibody Response against SARS-CoV-2 Variants

Oosten

Altenburg

Fougeroux³

et al. 2021

mBio

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“…Recent data indicate that there are 18 COVID-19 vaccines approved and are currently in use around the world [ 5 •• , 6 •• ]. The COVID-19 vaccines are in four primary categories using different platforms: 1) whole virus vaccines, 2) protein-based vaccines, 3) viral vector vaccines, and 4) nucleic acid vaccines (Appendix 1 ) [ 7 • ].…”

Section: Covid-19 Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whole virus vaccines use a weakened (attenuated) or inactivated form of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to trigger protective immunity. Live attenuated vaccines use a weakened form of the virus, which can still grow and replicate but does not cause illness [ 7 • ]. Inactivated vaccines contain viruses whose genetic material has been destroyed by heat, chemicals, or radiation, so they cannot infect cells and replicate but can still trigger an immune response [ 8 ].…”

Section: Covid-19 Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, adjuvants are usually used together with subunit vaccines to improve immunogenicity. Existing subunit vaccines include those against whooping cough, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae type b [ 7 • ]. There are currently 33 SARS-CoV-2 protein subunit candidate vaccines in clinical development [ 5 •• ], with at least one that has been shown in phase III clinical trials to induce high titers of neutralizing antibodies [ 17 ].…”

Section: Covid-19 Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Viruses that have been used as vectors include the adenovirus (that causes common cold), measles virus, and vaccinia virus. There are two categories of viral vectors; those that can still replicate within cells and those that cannot because key genes have been disabled [ 7 • , 9 , 19 ]. Before the onset of SARS-CoV-2, only one viral vector vaccine had been approved for use in human population against Ebola virus disease [ 20 ].…”

Section: Covid-19 Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19 vaccines

Ndwandwe

Wiysonge

2021

Current Opinion in Immunology

271

209

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COVID-19 is a pandemic of unprecedented proportions in recent human history. Less than 18 months since the onset of the pandemic, there are close to two hundred million confirmed cases and four million deaths worldwide. There have also been massive efforts geared towards finding safe and effective vaccines. By July 2021 there were 184 COVID-19 vaccine candidates in pre-clinical development, 105 in clinical development, and 18 vaccines approved for emergency use by at least one regulatory authority. These vaccines include whole virus live attenuated or inactivated, protein-based, viral vector, and nucleic acid vaccines. By mid-2021 three billion doses of COVID-19 vaccine have been administered around the world, mostly in high-income countries. COVID-19 vaccination provides hope for an end to the pandemic, if and only if there would be equal access and optimal uptake in all countries around the world.

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Construction and Application of Orthogonal T7 Expression System in Eukaryote: An Overview

Wang

Yan

et al. 2022

Advanced Biology

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to its high efficiency and yield for protein synthesis. [12] Among the commonlyused protein expression systems in E. coli (Table 1), T7 expession system prepared more than 90% of proteins in protein data bank (PDB) due to its high yield and translation efficiency for target protein. [13] The T7 system had been applied extensively for target protein and mRNA synthesis in prokaryote, eukaryote, and cell free system. [2] UP to now, it was also becoming an enabling tool for on-going synthetic biology, metabolic engineering, biomedicine, enzyme engineering, and so on. [14][15][16][17] Although T7 expression system had been developed successfully in various prokaryotes, [2] the construction of T7 expression system in eukaryote was still on-going, which attributed to the innate feature of transcription-translation system in eukaryote, for example, in prokaryote, the transcription was coupled with translation, while in eukaryote, mRNA was synthesized and modified in nucleus, then exporting to cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Thus far, there was no systematic and complete review about T7 expression system construction in eukaryote. In the present paper, the development of T7 expression system in eukaryote was reviewed, including its construction in animal (mammalian cells, trypanosomatid protozoa, Xenopus oocytes, zebrafish), plant, and microorganism and its application in vaccine preparation and gene therapy. We also discussed the innate challenges of T7 expression system construction in eukaryote and its recent development in vaccine production and gene therapy. Animal Mammalian CellsDue to the pivotal role in life science research, clinical research, gene therapy, and vaccine production, mammalian cells were first selected as the eukaryotic host to construct T7 expression system; so far, mammalian cells have experienced a deep and systematic study on the construction of T7 expression system. In 1986, a vaccinia/T7 hybrid virus expression system (VT7 expression system) was constructed in CV-1 monkey kidney cells, in which two expression vectors co-infected host cells, including a recombinant vaccinia virus containing vaccinia promoter-driven T7 RNAP and a plasmid containing T7 promoter-driven target gene (Figure 1A). [26] Vaccinia is a cytoplasmic DNA virus, that is, the genome DNA of vaccinia exists in host cytoplasm. Vaccinia genome encodes all replication andThe T7 system is an orthogonal transcription-system, which is characterized by simplicity, higher efficiency, and higher processivity, and it is used for protein or mRNA synthesis in various biological-systems. In comparison with prokaryotes, the construction of the T7 expression system is still ongoing in eukaryotes, but it shows greatly applicable prospects. In the present paper, development of T7 expression system construction in eukaryotes is reviewed, including its construction in animal (mammalian cells, trypanosomatid protozoa, Xenopus oocytes, zebrafish), plant, and microorganism and its application in vaccine production and gene therapy. In addition, the...

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An overview of current COVID-19 vaccine platforms

Cited by 126 publications

References 77 publications

Two-Component Nanoparticle Vaccine Displaying Glycosylated Spike S1 Domain Induces Neutralizing Antibody Response against SARS-CoV-2 Variants

Two-Component Nanoparticle Vaccine Displaying Glycosylated Spike S1 Domain Induces Neutralizing Antibody Response against SARS-CoV-2 Variants

COVID-19 vaccines

Construction and Application of Orthogonal T7 Expression System in Eukaryote: An Overview

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