An Overview of Contrast-induced Acute Kidney Injury

Abstract

With a rise in the complexity and widening of its applicability in diagnostic procedures, a parallel rise has been witnessed in the use of contrast agents and information about contrast-induced acute kidney injury. Contrast media play a critical role in medical imaging procedures today, and physicians and diagnostic radiologists are responsible for assessing the potential risks of contrast media with diagnostic benefits. Physicians are currently focusing on preventive therapies and identifying risk factors because there is no particular treatment for CI-AKI. Although CI-AKI is uncommon in general, the risk of CI-AKI can increase up to 20% to 30% in individuals with risk factors. Numerous models have been used in clinical settings to evaluate CI-AKI risk factors, identify high-risk populations, and enhance the value of care provided to these patients. Over the last several years, effective preventive strategies have helped reduce the CI-AKI risk. However, several unanswered questions still remain due to the evolving diagnostic and therapeutic interventions paradigm. This review summarizes CI-AKI epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, and prevention strategies to manage this complication in Indian populations effectively.