An overview of commuting in Canada: With special emphasis on rural commuting and employment

Commuting behaviour in sparsely populated areas: evidence from northern Sweden

“…The rural PT services situation and accessibility of rural inhabitants is often analyzed pheno-menon, which is a research object of geographers since the sixties of the 20th century (Hůrský 1969(Hůrský , 1978Lijewski 1967;Green and Meyert 1997;Taylor 2003). Among the most important aspects of their research projects belong service regions creations inside the state (Hůrský 1978) or inside some smaller hierarchical spatial unit, commuting fl ows studies inside some area (Lijewski 1967;Sandow 2008) or transport behaviour of rural people (Nutley 1998).…”

Development similarity based on proximity: A case study of urban clusters in Canada

“…For the core areas this criterion was set at 60 km, and for peripheral areas at 100 km. As indicated by previous studies of inter-urban commuting in Canada (Green and Meyer 1997;Thompson and Mitchell 1998;SC 2001), these distances are likely to capture most (up to 95 percent) of the commuting trips among neighbouring localities in these geographic areas. Though these indicators do not cover all possible measures of inter-town development association (e.g., export-based employment, ratio of manufacturing employment to total employment, housing prices, etc.…”

“…Internal migration, long-distance commuting, and trade flows are other important manifestations of interurban linkages that have been examined in urban and region studies (Carvero 1988;Fotheringham 1991;Green and Meyer 1997;Byers et al 2000).…”

“…Such association can be investigated using various investigative techniques, including the analysis of interurban commuting and the ' analysis of flows' methodology, each of which is widely used in urban and regional studies (Carvero 1988;Green and Meyer 1997;Casado 2000;Drejer 2000;McNiven et al 2000).…”

“…By way of example of this research, Green and Meyer's (1997) However, for the present analysis of development similarities in UCs, neither the analysis of interurban commuting nor the MFA approach may be an adequate research tool. By way of brief explanation, a travel survey may point out that interurban commuting in an UC is mainly centripetal, i.e.…”