An Overview of Cold-active Microbial α-amylase: Adaptation Strategies and Biotechnological Potentials

Kuddus, Mohammed; Roohi, .; Arif, Jamal M.; Ramteke, Pramod W.

doi:10.3923/biotech.2011.246.258

Cited by 50 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Several cold-adapted xylanases that have been isolated from the deep sea, such as from Zunongwangia profunda [84] and Flammeovirga pacifica [85], have potential uses in the food industry, such as as additives to wheat flour to improve dough handling and the quality of the baked products. Numerous cold-adapted amylases have also been isolated from deep-sea microorganisms over the past few years that have potential applications in the detergent, textile and food industries [86][87][88]; for example, Jiang et al [89] reported a cold-adapted alpha-amylase from the deep-sea bacterium Bacillus sp. dsh19-1, which shows maximum activity at 20 • C. Cold-active lipases and esterases are important catalysts in the chemical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, laundry detergent and environmental remediation industries and can be isolated from deep-sea microorganisms and metagenomic libraries derived from deep-sea samples [77].…”

Section: Deep-sea Psychrophilic Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties and Applications of Extremozymes from Deep-Sea Extremophilic Microorganisms: A Mini Review

et al. 2019

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The deep sea, which is defined as sea water below a depth of 1000 m, is one of the largest biomes on the Earth, and is recognised as an extreme environment due to its range of challenging physical parameters, such as pressure, salinity, temperature, chemicals and metals (such as hydrogen sulphide, copper and arsenic). For surviving in such extreme conditions, deep-sea extremophilic microorganisms employ a variety of adaptive strategies, such as the production of extremozymes, which exhibit outstanding thermal or cold adaptability, salt tolerance and/or pressure tolerance. Owing to their great stability, deep-sea extremozymes have numerous potential applications in a wide range of industries, such as the agricultural, food, chemical, pharmaceutical and biotechnological sectors. This enormous economic potential combined with recent advances in sampling and molecular and omics technologies has led to the emergence of research regarding deep-sea extremozymes and their primary applications in recent decades. In the present review, we introduced recent advances in research regarding deep-sea extremophiles and the enzymes they produce and discussed their potential industrial applications, with special emphasis on thermophilic, psychrophilic, halophilic and piezophilic enzymes.Nearly three-quarters of the Earth's surface area is covered by ocean, the average depth of which is 3800 m, implying that the vast majority of our planet comprises deep-sea environments. The deep sea is one of the most mysterious and unexplored environments on the Earth, and it supports diverse microbial communities that play important roles in biogeochemical cycles [1]. The deep sea is also recognised as an extreme environment, as it is characterised by the absence of sunlight and the presence of predominantly low temperatures and high hydrostatic pressures, and these environmental conditions become even more challenging in particular habitats, such as deep-sea hydrothermal vents with their extremely high temperatures of >400 • C, deep hypersaline anoxic basins (DHABs) with their extremely high salinities and abysses of up to 11 km depth with their extremely high pressures.Deep-sea extremophiles are living organisms that can survive and proliferate in deep-sea environments that have extreme physical (pressure and temperature) and geochemical (pH, salinity and redox potential) conditions that are lethal to other organisms. The majority of deep-sea extremophiles belong to the prokaryotes, which are microorganisms in the domains of Archaea and Bacteria [2,3].These extremophilic microorganisms are functionally diverse and widely distributed in taxonomy [4], and they are classified into thermophiles (55 • C to 121 • C), psychrophiles (−2 • C to 20 • C), halophiles (2-5 M NaCl or KCl), piezophiles (>500 atmospheres), alkalophiles (pH > 8), acidophiles (pH < 4) and metalophiles (high concentrations of metals, e.g., copper, zinc, cadmium and arsenic) according to the extreme environments in which they grow and the extreme conditions they can tolerate. Ma...

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Section: Deep-sea Psychrophilic Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties and Applications of Extremozymes from Deep-Sea Extremophilic Microorganisms: A Mini Review

et al. 2019

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“…Other cold enzymes may also be used as substitutes to mesophilic and thermophilic enzymes in many industries [7]. Advantages of cold-adapted enzymes over mesophilic and thermophilic enzymes are described in various publications [15,17,29,30]. Nowadays, psychrophilic enzymes are mostly used in meat tenderization, food processing, flavoring, baking, brewing, cheese production, and in animal feed.…”

Section: Cold-active Enzymes In Food Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold-active enzymes in food biotechnology: An updated mini review

2018

J App Biol Biotech

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Cold-active enzymes and their anticipated application in various industries including food industry attracted attention of worldwide scientific community. Cold-active enzymes, also known as psychrophilic enzymes, possess high catalytic activity at low and moderate temperatures. Due to low-temperature activity, these enzymes utilize less energy in biochemical reactions and also stabilize fragile compounds in the reaction medium. The source of coldactive enzymes is basically psychrophilic/psychrotrophic microorganisms which are found in cold environments. In comparison to mesophilic and thermophilic enzymes, till date, very few cold-active enzymes are known and least explored so far in the food industry. This review contains latest development and innovation in cold-active enzymes along with their applications in food biotechnology.

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“…Besides this, end-product specific amylases can be used for the production of maltooligosaccharides from low cost starch substrates [40]. Many actinomycetes have also been reported for the production of cold-active α -amylases which can be employed in textile industries, detergents, bioethanol producing industries [19]. …”

Section: Actinomycetes As a Source For Industrial Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actinomycetes: A Repertory of Green Catalysts with a Potential Revenue Resource

Prakash

Nawani

Prakash

et al. 2013

BioMed Research International

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Biocatalysis, one of the oldest technologies, is becoming a favorable alternative to chemical processes and a vital part of green technology. It is an important revenue generating industry due to a global market projected at $7 billion in 2013 with a growth of 6.7% for enzymes alone. Some microbes are important sources of enzymes and are preferred over sources of plant and animal origin. As a result, more than 50% of the industrial enzymes are obtained from bacteria. The constant search for novel enzymes with robust characteristics has led to improvisations in the industrial processes, which is the key for profit growth. Actinomycetes constitute a significant component of the microbial population in most soils and can produce extracellular enzymes which can decompose various materials. Their enzymes are more attractive than enzymes from other sources because of their high stability and unusual substrate specificity. Actinomycetes found in extreme habitats produce novel enzymes with huge commercial potential. This review attempts to highlight the global importance of enzymes and extends to signify actinomycetes as promising harbingers of green technology.

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An Overview of Cold-active Microbial α-amylase: Adaptation Strategies and Biotechnological Potentials

Cited by 50 publications

References 59 publications

Properties and Applications of Extremozymes from Deep-Sea Extremophilic Microorganisms: A Mini Review

Properties and Applications of Extremozymes from Deep-Sea Extremophilic Microorganisms: A Mini Review

Cold-active enzymes in food biotechnology: An updated mini review

Actinomycetes: A Repertory of Green Catalysts with a Potential Revenue Resource

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