An overview of caprolactam synthesis

Kumar, Rawesh; Shah, Sneha; Das, Prangya Paramita; Bhagavanbhai, Gami Girish Kumar; Fatesh, Ahmed Al; Chowdhury, Biswajit

doi:10.1080/01614940.2019.1650876

Cited by 40 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 163 publications

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“…Cycloalkanes (cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, and cyclohexane) are key precursors for the production of Nylon through intermediates of caprolactam and adipic acid [41,42] . Globally, more than 3.5 million metric tons of adipic acid is produced with an annual growth rate of ca .…”

Section: Motivation For the Preparation Of Cycloalkanes From Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Catalytic Approaches for the Production of Cycloalkane Intermediates from Lignin‐Based Aromatic Compounds: A Review

Gundekari

Karmee

2021

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Lignin is one of the primary components of lignocellulosic biomass. It is an alternative and sustainable source for aromatic and cyclic hydrocarbons. Lignin is obtained in large quantities as a co‐product in sugar, paper‐pulp, and bioethanol industries. Hydrodeoxygenation/‐hydrogenation of lignin‐based phenolic compounds is an important route to synthesize new generation products. This review focuses on recent catalytic methods for selective conversion of phenolics into cyclohexa(nol/none/ne); which are precursors for emerging polymers and fuels. Furthermore, effect of metal catalysts, supports, and parameters on different reactions were discussed along with possible industrial applications of obtained cycloalkanes. In addition, limitations, advantages, and future scope of hydrodeoxygenation/‐hydrogenation of monolignols are also described.

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Section: Motivation For the Preparation Of Cycloalkanes From Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Catalytic Approaches for the Production of Cycloalkane Intermediates from Lignin‐Based Aromatic Compounds: A Review

Gundekari

Karmee

2021

ChemistrySelect

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“…Starting from such an idea, of having small plant modification for caprolactam process, a need of integrated one pot liquid phase reactions are of interest from both economics and environmental point of view. For this reason the research in this field is in continuous development and only in the last two years has appeared several papers and, in addition, two comprehensive review on the argument [7,8]. The oximation step occurs generally in high selectivity but in the presence of a stoichiometric amount of a base, which leads to the formation of the salt deriving from neutralization of the acid of the hydroxylammonium salt, is the main concern of this step.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the chemistry of trifluoroacetic acid as organocatalyst has been suggested for the synthesis of the caprolactam, of other amides as well as to several other reactions of industrial interest [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. For instance, some authors proposed the direct oximation and rearrangement of ketones and in particular, of the cyclohexanone, to the corresponding amides [15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trifluoroacetic Acid Hydroxylamine System as Organocatalyst Reagent in a One-Pot Salt Free Process for the Synthesis of Caprolactam and Amides of Industrial Interest

et al. 2021

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In this work we studied the reactivity of the Trifluoroacetic acid hydroxylamine system in the one step salt free synthesis of amides from ketones. A particular regards was paid to the caprolactam synthesis because of its industrial relevance. Synthesis, reactivity and characterization of the hydroxylamine trifluoroacetate is given. Fast oximation reaction of several ketones was gained at room temperature (1 h of reaction quantitative conversion for several ketones). In the same reactor, by raising the temperature at 383 K, the Beckmann rearrangement of the so obtained oximes is easily accomplished in the presence of three equivalent of TFA. The possibility of obtaining the trifluoroacetate of the hydroxylamine with a modified nitric acid hydrogenation reactions was verified, too. Reuse of solvent and trifluoroacetic acid is easily achieved by distillation. Graphical abstract Salt free one-pot caprolactam and amides process catalyzed by CF3COOH, in the presence of NH2OH TFA as the oximation agent.

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“…Adipic acid is used as an important raw material for polymerization to produce nylon 66 and synthetic polyurethane, and caprolactam is used in the production of engineering plastics. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Cyclohexanol is oen used as a solvent for paints and varnishes in coatings, and as a matting agent in textiles. 7,8 Therefore, cyclohexanol is an important chemical raw material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%