An Overview of Atomic Spectrometric Techniques

Abstract

The principles, instrumentation, and analytical performance of most common quantitative atomic techniques based on optical spectrometry (absorption, emission or fluorescence) and mass spectrometry for the analysis of liquid samples and for direct solid analysis are outlined. Emphasis is given to conceptual explanations aiming to stress the advantages and disadvantages of each technique, the increase in the complexity of the data they generate and how this can be addressed. Powerful quantification strategies such as isotope dilution analysis are also discussed. Moreover, considering that on‐line liquid sample introduction systems such as flow injection manifolds and chromatography have become commonplace in most laboratories, a section is dedicated to the combination of flow systems with spectrometric detection techniques; in this context, special attention is paid to modern issues related to detection of fast transient signals. Finally, a brief introduction to quality assurance control guidelines, instrument maintenance and troubleshooting is provided.