An overview of anonymity technology usage

Li, Bingdong; Erdin, Esra; Güneş, Mehmet Hadi; Bebis, George; Shipley, Todd G.

doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2013.04.009

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Besides papers focused on circumvention itself, often papers discussing censorship and censorship detection add also the related analysis of possible circumvention methods; e.g., in the early analysis of networkbased censorship techniques Dornseif [48] cites and discusses a number of possible circumvention techniques, concluding that they are not easy to be applied for a common user; in [31] a technique is presented to circumvent a specific censorship (TCP-RST communication disruption) by identifying and ignoring the forged RST packets; a few techniques for circumvention of application-level keyword-based censorship are suggested by Crandall et al [33]. Even if not specifically designed for censorship circumvention, anonymity technologies can and have been used to circumvent censorship: a recent survey on usage of several technologies including proxy servers, remailers, overlay networks such as JAP (Köpsell et al [92]), I2P (Schomburg [135]), and Tor (Dingledine et al [46]) is provided by Li et al [102]. 4 Specifically dealing with web browsing activities, a survey on "privacy enhancing" tools is presented by Ruiz-Martínez [133].…”

Section: Network-based Censorshipmentioning

confidence: 98%

Internet Censorship detection: A survey

Aceto¹,

Pescapè²

2015

Computer Networks

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Section: Network-based Censorshipmentioning

confidence: 98%

Internet Censorship detection: A survey

Aceto¹,

Pescapè²

2015

Computer Networks

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“…Before data is sent through the Tor network of random relays, a layer of encryption is added for every relay in the route, which are removed per step, 'peeled off', hence the onion metaphor, leading to an unencrypted plaintext message at the point of arrival (Reed, Syverson & Goldschlag, 1998). An exit node, the last relay in the chain before the receiver of the message, can thus observe the content of messages if they are not encrypted by the user, but will not see the source of the message (Li et al, 2013). The technical workings of Tor are visualised in the graph below.…”

Section: Dns Leaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deviating From the Cybercriminal Script: Exploring Tools of Anonymity (Mis)Used by Carders on Cryptomarkets

Hardeveld

Webber

O’Hara

2017

American Behavioral Scientist

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This work presents an overview of some of the tools that cybercriminals employ in order to trade securely. It will look at the weaknesses of these tools and how the behaviour of cybercriminals will sometimes lead them to use tools in a non--optimal manner, creating opportunities for law enforcement to identify and apprehend them. The criminal domain this article focuses on is carding, the online trade in stolen payment card details and the consequent criminal misuse of such data. However, these findings could be applied more broadly, as many of the analysed tools are used across (cyber)criminal domains. This paper is a continuation of earlier work (van Hardeveld, Webber & O'Hara, 2016), in which a crime script analysis of 25 carding tutorials presented the tools that cybercriminals use to cash--out stolen payment card details while remaining anonymous. We use these tutorials and an analysis of the literature to identify how they can be used incorrectly and create a typology of potential behavioural and technological pitfalls in these tools. Finally, we conclude that finding pitfalls in the usage of tools by cybercriminals has the potential to increase the efficiency of disruption, interception and prevention approaches. However, in future work, interviews with law enforcement experts and convicted cybercriminals or still active users should be used to analyse the operational security of cybercriminals in more depth.

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“…It may raise security problems, too [1]. In other words, attackers can use it to hide their anonymity as well!…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, today proxies are used also to meet the need for anonymous web surfing [1]. Users can anonymously surf the web without revealing their own IP (Internet Protocol) addresses by using a proxy server as a stepping-stone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Proxy Identifier Based on Patterns in Traffic Flows

Aghaei-Foroushani

Zincir-Heywood

2015

2015 IEEE 16th International Symposium on High Assurance Systems Engineering

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Proxies are used commonly on today's Internet. On one hand, end users can choose to use proxies for hiding their identities for privacy reasons. On the other hand, ubiquitous systems can use it for intercepting the traffic for purposes such as caching. In addition, attackers can use such technologies to anonymize their malicious behaviours and hide their identities. Identification of such behaviours is important for defense applications since it can facilitate the assessment of security threats. The objective of this paper is to identify proxy traffic as seen in a traffic log file without any access to the proxy server or the clients behind it. To achieve this: (i) we employ a mixture of log files to represent real-life proxy behavior, and (ii) we design and develop a data driven machine learning based approach to provide recommendations for the automatic identification of such behaviours. Our results show that we are able to achieve our objective with a promising performance even though the problem is very challenging.

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An overview of anonymity technology usage

Cited by 31 publications

References 25 publications

Internet Censorship detection: A survey

Internet Censorship detection: A survey

Deviating From the Cybercriminal Script: Exploring Tools of Anonymity (Mis)Used by Carders on Cryptomarkets

A Proxy Identifier Based on Patterns in Traffic Flows

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