An overview of alternative raw materials used in cement and clinker manufacturing

Abdul‐Wahab, Sabah A.; Al-Dhamri, Hilal; Ram, Ganesh; Chatterjee, Vishnu P.

doi:10.1080/19397038.2020.1822949

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…Due to these factors, sustainable materials and construction practices are gaining more and more attention round the globe [3]. At the same time, due to the advancements in concrete technology, High Strength Concrete (HSC) offers a mild relaxation to the environmental issues by reducing the cement and concrete production requirements and thereby reducing the above mentioned impacts [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Sand mining from riverbeds has been a vital component of the construction industry for decades, providing a fundamental ingredient for concrete production [10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introduction 1generalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength and durability assessment of high-strength concrete with weathered crystalline rock waste as a sustainable partial replacement for fine aggregate

Jamal,

Meyyappan

2024

Matéria (Rio J.)

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Sand mining from riverbeds has been a vital component of the construction industry for decades, providing a fundamental ingredient for concrete production. However, the indiscriminate extraction of sand from riverbeds led to serious environmental issues, like erosion of riverbeds, destruction of aquatic habitats and increased susceptibility to flooding which emphasizes the necessity of finding alternate materials. Recent studies on Weathered Crystalline Rock, a soft upper layer in quarries -often discarded as waste -have shown that WCR-sand could be a viable alternative to fine-aggregates in concrete thereby alleviating the environmental impacts caused by the extraction of natural resources. Five mixes of M65 grade concrete with sand replacement of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% with WCR-sand were prepared, cured for maximum 90 days and tested for mechanical and durability properties. Results obtained led to the conclusion that WCR-sand can be a partial replacement up to 5% -theoretically and even up to 10% practically -of sand in concrete without affecting the mechanical and durability properties. This could potentially reduce sand-mining and rock-quarrying up-to 5 to 10% which not only helps curb the depletion of natural resources, a major environmental concern today, but aids in managing waste materials from quarrying.

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Section: Introduction 1generalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength and durability assessment of high-strength concrete with weathered crystalline rock waste as a sustainable partial replacement for fine aggregate

Jamal,

Meyyappan

2024

Matéria (Rio J.)

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“…This inexpensive mineral binder has rapid hardening properties in nearly all livable environments, enabling the creation of diverse structures [6]. Moreover, its user-friendly nature allows untrained individuals, including those lacking literacy skills, to utilize it effectively for self-construction purposes [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review: Construction and Demolition Waste as a Novel Source for CO2 Reduction in Portland Cement Production for Concrete

Kaptan,

Cunha,

Aguiar

2024

Sustainability

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There is an increasing global recognition of the need for environmental sustainability in mitigating the adverse impacts of cement production. Despite the implementation of various carbon dioxide (CO2) mitigation strategies in the cement industry, such as waste heat recovery, the use of alternative raw materials and alternative fuels, energy efficiency improvements, and carbon capture and storage, overall emissions have still increased due to the higher production levels. The resolution of this matter can be efficiently achieved by the substitution of traditional materials with an alternative material, such as calcined clay (CC), construction and demolition waste (CDW), which have a significant impact on various areas of sustainable development, including environmental, economic, and social considerations. The primary objectives of employing CDW in the Portland cement production are twofold: firstly, to mitigate the release of CO2 into the atmosphere, as it is a significant contributor to environmental pollution and climate change; and secondly, to optimize the utilization of waste materials, thereby addressing the challenges associated with their disposal. The purpose of this work is to present a thorough examination of the existing body of literature pertaining to the partial replacement of traditional raw materials by CDW and the partial replacement of Portland cement by CDW and to analyze the resulting impact on CO2 emissions.

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“…A large number of studies of silicate raw materials of natural and technogenic origin have been carried out. At the same time, the most significant practical result was the use of largetonnage wastes from metallurgy and thermal power engineering -blast-furnace slag, ash and ash, as substitutes for part of the clinker in cement production technology [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of varieties of technogenic raw materials in cement technology

Dorogan

Varshavets

Chernyak

et al. 2022

TAPR

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The possibility of manufacturing a mineral binder using large-tonnage waste from other industries has been studied. The object of the research are mixtures for the manufacture of cement clinker based on systems of chalk – clay – scope of paper production and chalk – clay – husks of rice processing. At the same time, urgent tasks of developing the raw material base for cement production and resource conservation were solved. The development of new initial mixtures was carried out taking into account the peculiarities of the chemical and mineralogical composition of varieties of technogenic raw materials. According to the chemical composition, rice alkali is characterized by a content of 15.6 wt. % SiO2 with a large quantitative ratio of SiO2:Al2O3=65.2 and a small amount of alkaline earth and alkaline oxides. Scop differs from alkali in a large amount of CaO (25.8 wt. %), a lower content of SiO2 at a quantitative ratio of SiO2:Al2O3=1.3. In this case, there are quantitative ratios of oxides CaO:SiO2=2.5, CaO:Al2O3=3.3, CaO:SiO2:Al2O3=3.3:1.4:1, which determine the probable phase transformations during firing. The main rock-forming mineral in rice husks is amorphous silica; Scope is marked by the presence of crystalline phases of calcite, quartz, and kaolinite. The analysis of the possible content of the studied wastes and the determination of the compositions of the raw mixtures were carried out using the computer program «Clinker». Analysis of computer calculations and experiments indicates the possibility of reducing by 11–16 wt. % consumption of natural raw materials in the composition of mixtures for the manufacture of clinker in comparison with the known production composition. According to X-ray phase analysis, the features of the development of crystalline phases during the firing of mixtures using varieties of technogenic raw materials at a maximum temperature of 1400 ºС were established. Based on the data of technological testing, the differences in indicators of binding properties were determined - the setting time of cement when used in the composition of raw mixtures of rice husk and paper scope.

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An overview of alternative raw materials used in cement and clinker manufacturing

Cited by 18 publications

References 100 publications

Strength and durability assessment of high-strength concrete with weathered crystalline rock waste as a sustainable partial replacement for fine aggregate

Strength and durability assessment of high-strength concrete with weathered crystalline rock waste as a sustainable partial replacement for fine aggregate

A Review: Construction and Demolition Waste as a Novel Source for CO2 Reduction in Portland Cement Production for Concrete

Application of varieties of technogenic raw materials in cement technology

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