An overview and brief description of common marine organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst taxa occurring in surface sediments of the Northern Hemisphere

Nieuwenhove, Nicolas Van; Head, Martin J.; Limoges, Audrey; Pospelova, Vera; Mertens, Kenneth Neil; Matthießen, Jens; Schepper, Stijn De; Vernal, Anne de; Eynaud, Frédérique; Londeix, Laurent; Marret, Fabienne; Penaud, Aurélie; Radi, Taoufik; Rochon, André

doi:10.1016/j.marmicro.2019.101814

Cited by 55 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 212 publications

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“…RSCs of A. anophagefferens have a relatively smooth cell surface, which is different from the resting cysts or spores of many species that undergo more substantial changes in cell surface and/or surface structures including thickened walls or modified enclosing inorganic or organic thecae, as seen in dinoflagellates and some diatoms [27,[47][48][49][50][51]. Similar to vegetative cells, RSCs of A. anophagefferens are spherical in shape, but are so different from vegetative cells in cell size: RSCs are significantly larger (doubled in cell diameter).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Culture-Based Characterization of the Resting Stage Cells of the Brown-Tide-Causing Pelagophyte, Aureococcus anophagefferens

Deng

et al. 2020

JMSE

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Life history (life cycle) plays a vital role in the ecology of some microalgae; however, the well-known brown-tide-causing pelagophyte Aureococcus anophagefferens has been barely investigated in this regard. Recently, based mainly on detections in marine sediments from China, we proved that this organism has a resting stage. We, therefore, conducted a follow-up study to characterize the resting stage cells (RSCs) of A. anophagefferens using the culture CCMP1984. The RSCs were spherical, larger than the vegetative cells, and smooth in cell surface and contained more aggregated plastid but more vacuolar space than vegetative cells. RSCs contained a conspicuous lipid-enriched red droplet. We found a 9.9-fold decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content from vegetative cells to RSCs, indicative of a "resting" or dormant physiological state. The RSCs stored for 3 months (at 4 °C in darkness) readily reverted back to vegetative growth within 20 days after being transferred to the conditions for routine culture maintenance. Our results indicate that the RSCs of A. anophagefferens are a dormant state that differs from vegetative cells morphologically and physiologically, and that RSCs likely enable the species to survive unfavorable conditions, seed annual blooms, and facilitate its cosmopolitan distribution that we recently documented.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Culture-Based Characterization of the Resting Stage Cells of the Brown-Tide-Causing Pelagophyte, Aureococcus anophagefferens

Deng

et al. 2020

JMSE

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“…Cyst concentrations were calculated by multiplying the cyst counts with the aliquot fraction and dividing through the volume pumped (L) by the ISP. Taxonomy of organic dinoflagellates was according to Zonneveld and Pospelova (2015); Mertens et al (2020) and van Nieuwenhoven et al (2020). The count data were deposited in the PANGAEA database.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dinoflagellate cysts production, excystment and transport in the upwelling off Cape Blanc (NW Africa)

2022

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To extend the understanding of dinoflagellate cysts production, excystment and vertical/lateral transport in the water column, we compared upper water cyst export production with cysts associations and concentrations in the subsurface nepheloid layer, bottom nepheloid layer and deeper water column during active upwelling off Cape Blanc (NW Africa) in August 2020. Export production was collected by two drifting trap surveys; DTS1 in an active upwelling cell for 4 days and DTS2 in an offshore drifting upwelling filament for 2 days. Subsurface, bottom nepheloid layers and deeper waters were sampled by in-situ pumps along two transects perpendicular to the shelf break. During DTS1, light limitation hampered phytoplankton production which might have influenced cyst production negatively due to up- and downward movement of water masses. Cyst export production increased at the rim of the upwelling cell. For DTS2, upwelling filament cyst export production was up to 3 times lower than that of DTS1. Echinidinium delicatum had highest relative and absolute abundances in the active upwelling, Echinidinium zonneveldiae and Bitectatodinium spongium in the upwelling filament, and Impagidinium spp. and cysts of Gymnodinium microreticulatum/nolleri at the most distal stations. Comparison of concentrations of cysts with and without cell contents showed that the majority of cysts hatched before reaching deeper waters and displayed a dormancy period of less than 6 days. About 5% of the living cysts reached deeper waters and/or the ocean floor. Living cysts were transported offshore in the upwelling filament. In case ships exchange ballast waters in the studied region, they will take up laterally transported living cysts. Upon release of the ballast waters in the port of arrival, these cysts have the potential to become “invader species” that can threaten economy and/or health. Lateral transport of cysts was observed in the bottom nepheloid layer and in deeper waters (800 - 1200m depth) with a maximal extension of about 130km off the shelf break. Therefore, sediments in the region will contain a mixture of regionally and locally produced dinoflagellate cysts. This insight contributes to the improvement of environmental reconstructions of the Cape blanc upwelling system based on downcore cyst associations.

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“…The identification and nomenclature of dinoflagellate cysts follow Zonneveld and Pospelova (2015), Gurdebeke et al (2019), Mertens et al (2020), andVan Nieuwenhove et al (2020). When species-level identification was not possible, the identification was done at the genus or higher level.…”

Section: Notes On the Identification And Nomenclature Of Dinoflagellate Cystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, when inferring palaeoenvironmental data from cyst records we must consider that (1) not all dinoflagellate species produce resting cysts -i.e., they will not be represented in the cyst records -and (2) cyst productivity rates can vary between species -meaning some species can be over-or underrepresented in the sediment cyst record. Certain studies provide data which may help in overcoming these limitations, such as studies on cyst-theca relationships and cyst production dynamics (e.g., Susek et al, 2005;Bringué et al, 2013;Matsuoka and Head, 2013), and particularly those oriented to explore the relationships between modern cyst distributions in surface sediments and environmental gradients (e.g., Wall et al, 1977;Dale, 1996;Pospelova et al, 2008;Zonneveld et al, 2009;de Vernal et al, 2020;Van Nieuwenhove et al, 2020). Although a huge effort has been made to document in the Northern hemisphere the distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments and their relation to major environmental variables [see Van Nieuwenhove et al (2020) for an historical review] there are not many studies that investigate at a regional scale dinoflagellate cyst assemblages and their relation to present day hydrography, particularly coastal ecosystems of the Atlantic Iberian margin are still largely underrepresented in reference datasets (de Vernal et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the archeopyle or paracingulum were not visible and that presented a high degree of morphological variation, for instance, Lejeunecysta/Quinquecuspis, which includes dorsoventrally compressed brown cysts with peridinoid outline and pentagonal shape that may correspond to L. sabrina, L. oliva or Q. concreta (Images 6 to 8, Supplementary Plate II)(Van Nieuwenhove et al, 2020). Other peridinoid brown cysts without such pentagonal shape, with clear archeopyle involving the apical section and not classified as Votadinium calvum (Image 10, Supplementary Plate II) or Votadinium rhomboideum (…”

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Environmental Factors Affecting Spatial Dinoflagellate Cyst Distribution in Surface Sediments Off Aveiro-Figueira da Foz (Atlantic Iberian Margin)

et al. 2021

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Resting cysts of planktonic dinoflagellates, once produced, sink to the seabed where they can remain viable for a long time. These cysts have important ecological roles, such as acting as the inoculum for the development of planktonic populations. Moreover, dinoflagellate cyst records from depth sediment cores are broadly used as a proxy to infer past environmental conditions. In this study, the main objective was to obtain information on the relationships between the spatial distribution of modern dinoflagellate cysts and present-day hydrography in the NW Iberian shelf. Cyst assemblages were analyzed in 51 surface sediment samples with varying grain sizes, collected at different water depths, following nine transects perpendicular to the coast, between Aveiro and Figueira da Foz (Atlantic Iberian margin). Multivariate statistical analyses revealed marked land-sea and latitudinal gradients in the distribution of cysts, and helped investigate how environmental factors [water depth, grain size, sea-surface temperature (SST), sea-surface salinity (SSS), bottom temperature (BTT) and surface chlorophyll-a concentration (CHL)] influence modern dinoflagellate cyst composition and abundances. Three main ecological signals were identified in the modern dinoflagellate cyst assemblages: (1) the heterotroph signal as the main upwelling signal; (2) the dominance of P. reticulatum and L. polyedra signal, indicative of warm stratified conditions, possibly reflecting transitional environments between more active inshore upwelling and warmer offshore waters; and (3) the G. catenatum signal for the presence of mid-shelf upwelling fronts. The almost absence of viable cysts of the toxic and potentially toxic species G. catenatum L. polyedra and P. reticulatum suggests that in the study area, for these species, there is no build-up of significant cyst beds and thus planktonic populations must depend on other seeding processes. These results are the first detailed modern distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in the NW Iberian Atlantic margin (off Portugal), and show a good correspondence with hydrographic features of summer upwelling season in the study area, meaning that they are reflecting water column characteristics and therefore may be used as supporting evidence for the interpretation of stratigraphic cyst records and reconstruction of past marine ecosystems in W Iberia.

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An overview and brief description of common marine organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst taxa occurring in surface sediments of the Northern Hemisphere

Cited by 55 publications

References 212 publications

Laboratory Culture-Based Characterization of the Resting Stage Cells of the Brown-Tide-Causing Pelagophyte, Aureococcus anophagefferens

Laboratory Culture-Based Characterization of the Resting Stage Cells of the Brown-Tide-Causing Pelagophyte, Aureococcus anophagefferens

Dinoflagellate cysts production, excystment and transport in the upwelling off Cape Blanc (NW Africa)

Environmental Factors Affecting Spatial Dinoflagellate Cyst Distribution in Surface Sediments Off Aveiro-Figueira da Foz (Atlantic Iberian Margin)

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