An overlooked cause of septic shock: Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome secondary to an axillary abscess

Poudel, Bidhya; Trongtorsak, Angkawipa; Pyakuryal, Bimatshu; Egoryan, Goar; Sous, Mina; Ahmed, Rizwan; Trelles-Garcia, Daniela Patricia; Yanez‐Bello, Maria Adriana; Trelles-Garcia, Valeria Patricia; Stake, Jonathan; Rodriguez‐Nava, Guillermo

doi:10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e01039

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Staphylococcal virulence factors such as (a) enterotoxins ( sea , seb , and others) are responsible for food poisoning and help organisms become resistant to heat treatment [ 5 ], (b) toxic shock syndrome toxin ( tst )—an exotoxin that causes rapid onset of fever, shock syndrome, hypotension, and inflammation of the vascular system [ 9 ], and (c) the Panton–Valentine leukocidin ( PVL )—a cytotoxin that causes necrosis on the skin, lysis of human neutrophils—while also increasing S. aureus adherence to the extracellular matrix [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence Determinants and Methicillin Resistance in Biofilm-Forming Staphylococcus aureus from Various Food Sources in Bangladesh

et al. 2022

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The eradication of staphylococcal infections has become more difficult due to the development of antibiotic resistance and virulence in biofilm-forming Staphylococcus aureus. The presence of the life-threatening zoonotic pathogen, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), in foods indicates a public health issue. This study, therefore, aimed to determine virulence factors and methicillin resistance in biofilm-forming S. aureus isolates from different foods and food handlers. A total of 100 PCR-positive S. aureus isolates (97 biofilm formers and three non-biofilm formers) were screened using the disk diffusion method and PCR assay. By PCR, genes encoding virulence factors, e.g., enterotoxin (sea, 30%, 95% CI: 21.90–39.59%), toxic shock syndrome toxin (tst, 20%, 95% CI: 13.34–28.88%), and Panton–Valentine leukocidin toxin (PVL, 15%, 95% CI: 9.31–23.28%), were detected in the S. aureus isolates. By the disk diffusion method, 100% (95% CI: 96.30–100.00%) of S. aureus isolates were phenotypically MRSA in nature, showing 100% resistance to oxacillin and cefoxitin. Moreover, the methicillin-resistant gene mecA was found in 61 (61%, 95% CI: 51.20–69.98%) MRSA isolates. Furthermore, all the S. aureus isolates were phenotypically resistant to ampicillin and penicillin, 30% to erythromycin, and 11% to gentamycin. Among them, 51% (95% CI: 41.35–60.58%) of S. aureus isolates were phenotypically multidrug-resistant in nature, and the multiple antibiotic resistance index varied from 0.33 to 0.55. Genes encoding resistance to beta-lactams (blaZ, 100%, 95% CI: 96.30–100.00%) and tetracyclines (tetA and tetC, 3%, 95% CI: 0.82–8.45%) were found positive in the S. aureus isolates. Genes encoding virulence determinants and MRSA were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in strong biofilm-forming S. aureus than in moderate and non-biofilm-forming isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first study in Bangladesh to incorporate preliminary data on the occurrence of virulence determinants and methicillin resistance, including resistance to clinically important antibiotics, in biofilm-forming S. aureus isolates from different foods and food handlers in Bangladesh, emphasizing a potential threat to human health.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence Determinants and Methicillin Resistance in Biofilm-Forming Staphylococcus aureus from Various Food Sources in Bangladesh

et al. 2022

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“…Furthermore, S. aureus is known to produce toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1), a potent superantigenic toxin. The presence of TSST-1 can lead to severe symptoms such as high fever, rash, shock syndrome, hypotension, and the inflammation of the blood system, as well as to the Panton–Valentine leucocidin (PVL), which causes leukocytosis along with necrosis on the skin or mucosa surface, and TSST-1 is capable of inducing lysis of human neutrophils and enhances the adherence of S. aureus to the extracellular matrix [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Occurrence and Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcal Isolates from Foods and Containers

Kansaen,

Boueroy,

Hatrongjit

et al. 2023

Antibiotics

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as an urgent global public health issue that requires immediate attention. Methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) is a major problem, as it may cause serious human and animal infections, eventually resulting in death. This study determined the proportional distribution, genetic characteristics, and antimicrobial susceptibility of mecA- or mecC-carrying staphylococci isolated from food chain products. A total of 230 samples were taken from meat, food, fermented food, and food containers. Overall, 13.9% (32/230) of the samples were identified to have Staphylococcus aureus isolates; of those, 3.9% (9/230) were MRS, with eight mecA-positive and one mecC-positive samples, and 1.3% (3/230) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). MRSA strains belonging to three sequence types (ST9, ST22, and a newly identified ST), three different spa types (T005, t526, and a newly identified type), and three different SCCmec types (IV, V, and an unidentified SCCmec) were detected. Additionally, eight mecA-positive staphylococcal isolates were identified as S. haemolyticus, S. sciuri, S. simulans, and S. warneri, while the mecC-harboring isolate was S. xylosus. The enterotoxin gene, SEm, was detected at 1.56% in S. aureus, whereas SEq was detected at 0.31%, and SEi was also found in MRSA. Our study emphasizes the importance of enhanced hygiene standards in reducing the risk of occupational and foodborne MRSA infections associated with the handling or consumption of meat, food, and preserved food products.

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A review of chemical signaling mechanisms underlying quorum sensing and its inhibition in Staphylococcus aureus

Vadakkan,

Sathishkumar,

Kuttiyachan Urumbil

et al. 2024

Bioorganic Chemistry

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An overlooked cause of septic shock: Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome secondary to an axillary abscess

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Virulence Determinants and Methicillin Resistance in Biofilm-Forming Staphylococcus aureus from Various Food Sources in Bangladesh

Virulence Determinants and Methicillin Resistance in Biofilm-Forming Staphylococcus aureus from Various Food Sources in Bangladesh

The Occurrence and Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcal Isolates from Foods and Containers

A review of chemical signaling mechanisms underlying quorum sensing and its inhibition in Staphylococcus aureus

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