An outbreak of toxoplasmosis in squirrel monkeys (<i>Saimiri sciureus</i>) in South Korea

Oh, Hanseul; Eo, Kyung-Yeon; Gumber, Sanjeev; Hong, Jung Joo; Kim, C‐Yoon; Lee, Hyun-Ho; Jung, Young-Mok; Kim, Jin; Whang, Gyu-Whan; Lee, Ji-Min; Yeo, Yong-Gu; Ryu, Bokyeong; Ryu, Ji-Sook; Lee, Seul-Kee; Kim, Ukjin; Kang, Sin-Geun; Park, Jae‐Hak

doi:10.1111/jmp.12344

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Most of the howler monkeys in this outbreak had an acute or hyperacute disease, with no clinical signs or unspecific clinical signs including prostration, apathy, and bloody vomiting. Previous reports described acute or hyperacute disease in neotropical primates diagnosed with toxoplasmosis, with animals with none or unspecific clinical signs 4,10,16,17 including malaise, dyspnea, hypothermia, nasal discharge, anorexia and emesis, 10 tremor, 16 lethargy, and hyporexia 4 . Three from the seven howler monkeys were submitted to prophylactic antibiotic therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Outbreaks of toxoplasmosis have been previously reported in captive 4,10,12,17 and free‐ranging 16 neotropical primates. In this outbreak, all howler monkeys from the same private facility died within a period of 34 days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Toxoplasmosis has been reported in several wildlife species including felids, squirrels, rabbits, hares, beavers, woodchucks, bats, Australian marsupials, non‐human primates, and canids, in which coinfection of T. gondii and canine Morbillivirus (canine distemper virus) is often observed 13 . Outbreaks of toxoplasmosis affecting neotropical primates have been previously reported 4,10,12,16,17 . It is known that neotropical primates are more susceptible to toxoplasmosis than Old World primates 15,18 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in a lethal toxoplasmosis outbreak affecting captive howler monkeys (Alouatta sp.)

Santana

Oliveira

Santos

et al. 2020

J of Medical Primatology

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Background Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease that affects humans and warm‐blooded animals. This study describes an outbreak of toxoplasmosis in howler monkeys (Alouatta sp.) and survival of capuchins (Sapajus apella), under the same environmental conditions. Methods Howler monkeys were submitted to post‐mortem examination. Tissue samples were processed to histopathology and immunohistochemistry to detect lesions and tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii. Tissue samples were also frozen and submitted to PCR and genotyping of T. gondii. Results Typical lesions were observed in several organs including the liver, lymph node, and brain, with intralesional cysts and tachyzoites of T. gondii demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. T. gondii genomic sequences were amplified by PCR, and genotyping characterized the same T. gondii clone in all howler monkeys. Conclusions Our results support the notion that some species of neotropical primates are highly susceptible to toxoplasmosis and the hypothesis that capuchins (S. apella) may be resistant.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in a lethal toxoplasmosis outbreak affecting captive howler monkeys (Alouatta sp.)

Santana

Oliveira

Santos

et al. 2020

J of Medical Primatology

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“…Saimiri subspecies were found to be particularly vulnerable, and can die of liver, brain, and lung failure only a couple of days after infection [ 75 ]. Several outbreaks have occurred in zoos during the last decade, leading to the loss of more than 75% of the infected animals [ 76 , 77 , 78 ]. French zoos were the first to participate in vaccination campaigns against this parasite, with the animals receiving a nasal prime/boost vaccination followed by three heterologous nasal/subcutaneous boosts in an attempt to broaden the immune protection.…”

Section: Lipidated Cationic Maltodextrin Nps For Antigen Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Maltodextrin-Nanoparticles as a Delivery System for Nasal Vaccines: A Review Article

Fasquelle,

Scuotto,

Howsam

et al. 2024

Pharmaceutics

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Nanoparticles are increasingly being studied as antigen delivery systems for immunization with nasal vaccines. The addition of adjuvants is still generally required in many nanoparticle formulations, which can induce potential side effects owing to mucosal reactogenicity. In contrast, maltodextrin nanoparticles do not require additional immunomodulators, and have been shown to be efficient vaccine delivery systems. In this review, the development of maltodextrin nanoparticles is presented, specifically their physico-chemical properties, their ability to load antigens and deliver them into airway mucosal cells, and the extent to which they trigger protective immune responses against bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections. We demonstrate that the addition of lipids to maltodextrin nanoparticles increases their potency as a vaccine delivery system for nasal administration.

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“…There are a lot of tests for detecting positive infection with T. gondii including ELISA, indirect hem agglutination assay (IHA), ELISA Avidity and PCR for different genes. The LAT, ELISA and ELISA avidity are currently applicable for serological diagnosis of the infection; however the ELISA avidity with 97% sensitivity is a highly userfriendly method to detect toxoplasmosis infection (Hecker et al 2018;Hou et al 2018;Oh et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New prevalence surveillance of Toxoplasma gondii among rodents and stray cats by ELISA avidity and nested PCR methods, Northeast of Iran

2019

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Rodents and stray cats are the sources of many parasitic infections including T. gondii, for other animals and human. Toxoplasmosis has a wide range of laboratory factors in its intermediate and definite hosts. Regarding the importance of rodents and stray cats as the hosts that spread the Toxoplasma gondii, it is necessary to obtain comprehensive information about these animals in the life cycle of T. gondii. The objective was to investigate the new prevalence of toxoplasmosis among target animals in Iran, using GRA6 gene in combinacion with ELISA avidity. In this study, 286 rodents and 210 stray cats were collected and their heart tissues extracted to obtain DNA, blood samples and IgG Ab of T.gondii parasite. We detected the positive tissue samples in our study by the nested-PCR method. Then, we examined T. gondii IgG ELISA avidity for assessment of toxoplasmosis among rodents and stray cats. This study, was conducted in January to March 2017, based on the prevalence study. The findings revealed that 246/286 (86.01%) of rodents and 180/210 (85.71%) of stray cats were positive by IgG ELISA avidity methods. moreover, 68 rodents samples and 38 stray cats samples were positive concerning the GRA6 Toxoplasma gene; and these positive samples were at intermediate levels for IgG avidity. We concluded that the new prevalence of toxoplasmosis among rodents and stray cats was at high levels, using the serologic method in Northeast of Iran and the results of quantitative ELISA avidity were as the same as those of the nested-PCR for detecting recent toxoplasmosis in these hosts.

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An outbreak of toxoplasmosis in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) in South Korea

Abstract: This study is the first report of T. gondii infection of squirrel monkeys in Korea, and the first report of type II T. gondii based on GRA6 analysis in Korea.

Cited by 13 publications

References 41 publications

Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in a lethal toxoplasmosis outbreak affecting captive howler monkeys (Alouatta sp.)

Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in a lethal toxoplasmosis outbreak affecting captive howler monkeys (Alouatta sp.)

Maltodextrin-Nanoparticles as a Delivery System for Nasal Vaccines: A Review Article

New prevalence surveillance of Toxoplasma gondii among rodents and stray cats by ELISA avidity and nested PCR methods, Northeast of Iran

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