An Outbreak of Swine Trichuriasis Accompanied withClostridium perfringensType A Infection

Honma, Hirokazu

doi:10.12935/jvma1951.39.85

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“…Currently, enteric infection of pigs with Clostridium perfringens is caused essentially by types A and C,and hemorrhagic necrotic enteritis, induced by Clostridium perfringens type C, is most common in 3‐day‐old piglets, but it is uncommon for disease to be initiated in pigs older than 1 week (Mészáros & Pesti, ; Buogo, Capaul, Häni, Frey, & Nicolet, ). Type A infections are now recognized with increasing frequency in neonatal and weaned pigs (Nabuurs, Haagsma, Van de Molen, & Van der Heijden, ; Jestin, Popoff, & Mahé, ; Olubunmi & Taylor, ; Honma, ; Collins et al., ). Considering the cost and feasibility of the experiment, type A strain was used to study the subsequent PK/PD studies in the study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic integration and modeling of acetylkitasamycin in swine for Clostridium perfringens

Nan

Hao

Xie

et al. 2017

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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The aim of this study was to establish an integrated pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling approach of acetylkitasamycin for designing dosage regimens and decreasing the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. After oral administration of acetylkitasamycin to healthy and infected pigs at the dose of 50 mg/kg body weights (bw), a rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for determining the concentration change of the major components of acetylkitasamycin and its possible metabolite kitasamycin in the intestinal samples taken from the T-shape ileal cannula. The PK parameters, including the integrated peak concentration (C ), the time when the maximum concentration reached (T ) and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), were calculated by WinNonlin software. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 60 C. perfringens strains was determined following CLSI guideline. The in vitro and ex vivo activities of acetylkitasamycin in intestinal tract against a pathogenic strain of C. perfringens type A (CPFK122995) were established by the killing curve. Our PK data showed that the integrated C , T , and AUC were 14.57-15.81 μg/ml, 0.78-2.52 hR, and 123.84-152.32 μg hr/ml, respectively. The PD data show that MIC and MIC of the 60 C. perfringens isolates were 3.85 and 26.45 μg/ml, respectively. The ex vivo growth inhibition data were fitted to the inhibitory sigmoid E equation to provide the values of AUC/MIC to produce bacteriostasis (4.84 hr), bactericidal activity (15.46 hr), and bacterial eradication (24.99 hr). A dosage regimen of 18.63 mg/kg bw every 12 hr could be sufficient in the prevention of C. perfringens infection. The therapeutic dosage regimen for C. perfringens infection was at the dose of 51.36 mg/kg bw every 12 hr for 3 days. In summary, the dosage regimen for the treatment of C. perfringens in pigs administered with acetylkitasamycin was designed using PK/PD integrate model. The designed dose regimen could to some extent decrease the risk for emergence of macrolide resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%