An Outbreak of Severe Neonatal Pneumonia Caused by Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus BA9 in a Postpartum Care Centre in Shenyang, China

Abstract

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is one of the leading causes of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) worldwide. In this study, we first reported an outbreak of severe neonatal pneumonia caused by HRSVB BA9 at a postpartum care center in mainland China.

Human rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus genotypes in Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy (SUDI) cases at Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa

“…RSV-BA9 was first identified in Japan during the 2006 and 2007 epidemic season and is commonly detected in infants presenting with LRTI [84,[90][91][92][93]. In 2021, RSV-BA9 was detected in an outbreak in Shenyang, China at a postpartum care centre in neonates which required subsequent hospitalisation and presented with respiratory failure [94]. RSV-BA9 has previously been detected in infants and other regions of South Africa, however recently published amino acid substitutions are limited [37,44,64,87,95].…”

Human respiratory syncytial virus subgroups A and B outbreak in a kindergarten in Zhejiang Province, China, 2023

“…The case definitions applied followed Chinese HRSV diagnosis guidelines (2), which defined suspect cases of HRSV infection as any child and teacher in kindergarten who, from May 4 (the first suspected case was ill on May 8), developed fever, one acute respiratory symptom (cough, sputum, runny nose, sore throat and other symptoms), and have been excluded from diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, influenza, other respiratory pathogen's infections. A confirmed case was defined as a person in whom a real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) of a nasopharyngeal or throat swab sample was positive for HRSV.…”

“…The second hypervariable region (HVR2) of the G gene of the HRSV was amplified using a one-step reverse transcription PCR kit (Shanghai Zhijiang Biotechnology, China) and the primer pair GPB/F1. The reaction conditions, as well as the purification and sequencing protocols, were as described previously (2).…”

“…Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is an enveloped virus with a linear negative-sense single-stranded RNA genome belonging to the genus Orthopneumovirus within the family Pneumoviridae (1). There are two antigenically distinguishable subtypes of HRSV-A and HRSV-B-which can be further classified into 15 genotypes and 30 genotypes, respectively (2). HRSV is by far the major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections worldwide in infants and children younger than 5 years, with morbidity and mortality risks particularly pronounced in infants under 6 months of age (3,4).…”

“…Nosocomial HRSV infection in these high-risk group population often follows a severe course of disease, even resulting in mortality. For instance, Wang et al, reported that an outbreak of severe neonatal pneumonia caused by HSV BA9 in a postpartum care center in Shenyang, China, a total of 20 confirmed cases were identified, including 16 hospitalized neonates(seven admitted to an intensive care unit and nine to general wards) and the other four nursing staff with asymptomatic infections (2). Yohan et al revealed a nosocomial HRSV outbreak that occurred in March 2019 in a French long-term stay hospital for older adult, with the median age 89 years old and caused two deaths (6).…”