An outbreak of rubella in Chandigarh, India

Madhanraj, K; N, Singh; Gupta, Madhu; Singh, Mini P.; Ratho, Radha Kanta

doi:10.1007/s13312-014-0523-8

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Result of this outbreak was compared with the study conducted at Chandigarh 10 where maximum cases were in the age group of below ten, similar findings were observed in this study. In this study, there was no serious complication and no mortality.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…13 As rubella is a mild febrile illness, people have different cultural belief about febrile rash and are reluctant to visit doctors. 10 Extensive information education and communication (IEC) activity in the community would be helpful to identify outbreak early. In India, active rubella surveillance was not conducted and rubella vaccine was not introduced in the routine immunization programme except Delhi where rubella vaccine was introduced as Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR) vaccine among children 15-18 month of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An outbreak of rubella at rural area of West Bengal, India in 2016

Biswas¹,

Bhunia²,

Manna

et al. 2017

SE Asia J. Pub. Health

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Rubella is a contagious, generally mild viral infection that occurs most often in children and young adults. The infection in pregnant women may cause foetal death or congenital defects known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Globally, the incidence of CRS was from 0.4-4.3/1000 live birth. The aims of the study were to (i) investigate outbreak to determine the magnitude of outbreak, and (ii) analyze outbreak in term of time, place and person distribution, and recommend preventive measures. We conducted investigation by house to house active case search at Dumra village of Purba Medinipur district, West Bengal; India between February and May’ 2016. Epidemic curve was drawn to see the dynamic of outbreak and spot map was plotted to see the distribution of cases. Blood specimen was taken for serological test of virus. A total of 54 cases were identified; among those five cases were found positive for rubella (IgM). The attack rate (AR) among the women more 7.5% (27/358) than men 7.0% (27/388), with overall AR was 7.2% (54/746). Maximum cases were found among age group of 5-9 years with AR was 8.0% (23/286), followed by age group 0-4 years with AR was 3.9% (12/309). Median age was 8 years with rage from 0.6 to 33 years. Seventeen percent (9) cases were among female reproductive age (15-33 years). None of them were pregnant. Under five children were 33% (18/54) and 72% (13/18) were vaccinated with measles but none of them were vaccinated with rubella vaccine. All the patients were treated at home and at outpatient department. Outbreak of rubella was confirmed. We recommended introduction of rubella vaccine in National Immunization Schedule of India.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.7(1) 2017: 17-22

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An outbreak of rubella at rural area of West Bengal, India in 2016

Biswas¹,

Bhunia²,

Manna

et al. 2017

SE Asia J. Pub. Health

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“…Although rubella and mumps infection among children are milder diseases, there are several outbreaks of these two diseases reported among vulnerable population in India5. Rubella outbreaks mimic measles outbreak among children6. Infection with rubella during pregnancy can lead to congenital rubella syndrome.…”

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confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of measles, mumps & rubella antibodies among 5-10 years old children in north India

et al. 2019

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Background & objectives: Globally, there is an effort to eliminate the measles and control rubella as these diseases lead to considerable morbidity and mortality especially among under-five children and are important public health problems. This study was aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) antibodies among children of age 5-10 yr in Chandigarh, north India, to provide evidence on prevalent immunity levels. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Chandigarh, among 196 randomly selected healthy children (5-10 yr), who received either one or two doses of measles or MMR combination vaccine. Socio-economic background and immunization history were recorded. Blood sample (2 ml) was collected to estimate the MMR IgG antibody titres by using ELISA kits. Results: Protective seroprevalence of MMR antibodies was 40.8, 75.5 and 86.2 per cent, respectively. The geometric mean titres of MMR IgG antibodies in the study children were 11.3, 50.6 and 54.3 international units (IU)/ ml, respectively. The proportion of seroprotected children for measles was significantly higher among those who had received two or more doses (46.4%) of measles vaccine compared to those who had received single dose (35.6%) ( P <0.001). About 16 per cent of children had received single dose of MMR vaccine. Among these, 71.4 and 100 per cent were seroprotected against mumps and rubella, respectively. Interpretation & conclusions: A large proportion of children aged 5-10 yr lacked protective immunity against measles (60%); about one-fourth (15-25%) were susceptible to infection with mumps and rubella virus. Mumps vaccination may be considered to be included in National Immunization Schedule for children with periodic serosurveillance.

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“…19 But only Five cases (6%) had received MMR from private clinic in Chandigarh rubella outbreak and no rubella immunization amongst cases was observed in Himachal outbreak. 17,18 In the present study, no rubella vaccination in cases were observed which is due to absence of rubella vaccine in National Immunization Schedule (NIS) of India. Low/no coverage means more seronagativity particularly amongst women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

“…16 In a study from Chandigarh, among unimmunized cases, 20 (57.1%) cases were in age group of 1-4 years. 17 A study from Himachal Pradesh in 2006 revealed that the only 2/11 cases of rubella in the age group of 0-5 years and more cases in the higher age group and there was a shift of cases in higher age group. 18 The present study it was observed that half of the cases were in the age group between 1-4 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological study of rubella outbreaks in Rajasthan, India

Garg¹,

Singh²

2017

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: Rubella is one of the major causes of significant morbidity and congenital deformities in India. Rubella immunization is yet to be formally introduced in National Immunization schedule across the country. Strong surveillance system for rubella is the key for prevention and control of congenital rubella syndrome. The outbreaks of rubella in Rajasthan in 2014 were investigated. The objective was to study the socio demographic profile of rubella outbreak in RajasthanMethods: The data of the AFP cum measles and rubella surveillance project of Rajasthan was used for analysis. This is an analytical, cross sectional study where 2 districts of Rajasthan having confirmed rubella outbreak in 2014 were included. A total of 101 laboratory plus epidemiologically linked rubella cases were considered. Statistical analysis: Percentages, proportions and Chi square test were applied.Results: In three outbreaks, 101 cases were of rubella (laboratory confirmed + epidemiologically confirmed). Maximum numbers (around 53%) of cases were from the age group 1-4 years and 54.5% male child. The disease starts in early age (4 months) and affected up to the age group of 27 years.Conclusions: There was an outbreak of rubella cases in one district and mixed outbreak in second one. Currently rubella vaccination coverage is zero. Considering the currently available knowledge and reports, it is well justified that CRS can be controlled by effective immunization program and inclusion of rubella vaccination in the national immunization program of India is much awaited. Rubella vaccination is a cost effective measure and it can very easily piggy back Measles vaccine.

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An outbreak of rubella in Chandigarh, India

Abstract: An outbreak mimicking measles was investigated only to be confirmed as rubella.

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

An outbreak of rubella at rural area of West Bengal, India in 2016

An outbreak of rubella at rural area of West Bengal, India in 2016

Seroprevalence of measles, mumps & rubella antibodies among 5-10 years old children in north India

Epidemiological study of rubella outbreaks in Rajasthan, India

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