An outbreak of peste des petits ruminants in migratory flocks of sheepand goats in egypt in 2006

Abstract

An outbreak of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) was recorded in Kalubia province, Egypt in 2006, affecting a large population of migratory goats and sheep over a huge geographical area. Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory investigations were performed. Diseased animals showed pyrexia, erosive stomatitis, enteritis and bronchopneumonia. Clinical manifestations were more severe in goats. The overall morbidity, cumulative mortality and case fatality rates were 26.1%, 10.5% and 40.2%, respectively, and were significantly higher in young animals. Post-mortem examination showed emaciation, congested mucous membranes, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, haemorrhagic necrosis of the abomasal and intestinal mucosa, pleurisy and lung consolidation. Forty oculonasal swabs and 243 serum samples from diseased animals were tested for PPR antigen and antibodies using immunocapture and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), respectively. PPR antigen was detected in 30/40 (75%) of the swabs. PPR virus was identified in inoculated Vero cells using immunocapture ELISA and fluorescent antibody technique (FAT); 33/40 (82.5%) and 36/40 (90%) samples were positive, respectively. Of 243 sera, 154 (63.4%) contained PPR antibodies. Circulation of PPR among the migratory sheep and goat flocks was demonstrated. Strict serosurveillance and monitoring of PPR with vaccination of migratory flocks at borders is required for effective control of the disease.

Pathomorphological Studies of Peste Des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in Goats of Navsari and Valsad Districts, India

“…The morbid pathomorphological lesions in lungs, trachea, caecum, spleen, liver, heart and kidneys observed in this study were partly in agreement with previous report made by El-Yuguda et al, (2009) Zahur et al, (2009), Abd El-Rahim et al, (2010, Chauhan et al, (2011), Jagtap et al, (2012), Rosemary et al, (2013), and Ekambaram et al, (2015) in sheep and goat. The pneumonic lungs and hemorrhagic trachea probably due to descending upper respiratory infection of PPR complicated by secondary bacterial infection (Rosemary et al, 2013).…”

Scientific Opinion on peste des petits ruminants

“…57,59,62,65,66,67,68,70,72,74,79,80,81,84,86,87,88,89,90,93,94,95,97,98,99,105,106,109,112,113,114,116,117,118,119,120,121,125,126,128,130,131,132,133,135,137,138,139,141,142,145,147,…”

Disease Incidence and Mortality Pattern of Migratory Sheep Flocks in Marwar Region of Rajasthan, India

“…were common disease problems occurred in Raika shepherds but highest mortality in sheep flocks occurred due to sheep pox and reduced flock strength by half or even more. In similar line Abd El- Rahim et al, (2010) reported significantly higher mortality of young animals in migratory flocks due to diseases problems in Egypt. Mortality rate was also observed more in young one in migratory sheep in Thar Desert of Rajasthan (Kataria et al, 2007), Tamil Nadu (Thiruvenkadan et al, 2007) and Andhra Pradesh (Rao et al, 2011).…”

“…Contrary to our results, higher incidence of enterotoxaemia (32%), FMD (34.9%), pox (42.6%) and PPR (63.5%) was observed by Garner et al, (2000). Abd El-Rahim et al, (2010) in Egypt also reported higher overall incidence of PPR (26.1%) in migratory flocks. The incidence of pox observed in the present study is in similar line with previous reports (Jindal et al, 2006;Suresh et al, 2008;Selvaraju and Balasubramaniam, 2013;, who reported that incidence of sheep pox ranged from 2.0 to 18.18% in different sheep flocks.…”

“…During extreme climatic conditions like severe hot and cold there is increase in young mortality in migratory sheep flocks because they could not receive any protection from adverse weather condition leading to disease susceptibility (Rao et al, 2011). The higher mortality in young one might be attributed to higher prevalence of disease as young ones have poor immune system (Abd El-Rahim et al, 2010;Selvaraju and Balasubramaniam, 2013;. During harvesting season of wheat (March-April) the damaged and wet grains are left in the wheat field and shepherds generally allow their young animals to eat.…”