An Outbreak of Epidemic Sore-Throat of Milk-Borne Origin

Camps, Francis E.; Wood, Jeyhan

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)77830-5

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In many studies (60, 73436) the serological identification of group A streptococci was performed by the agglutination (87) technique and in only a few (88)(89)(90)(91) was the precipitin method (92) employed. The former method of recognition of serological types is subject to considerable difficulty and cross reactions are common, whereas the precipitin method is considered to be more reliable (93 (76,(79)(80)(81)83) have isolated type 2 streptococci during the illness preceding the onset of nephritis. In 1912 there were three large epidemics of septic sore throat in Boston, Baltimore and Chicago which were said to be followed by attacks of acute nephritis (94).…”

Section: Occurrence Of Acute Glomerulonephritis Following Scarlet Fevermentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Glomerulonephritis. The Significance of the Variations in the Incidence of the Disease 12

Rammelkamp¹,

Weaver²

1953

J. Clin. Invest.

134

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Section: Occurrence Of Acute Glomerulonephritis Following Scarlet Fevermentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Glomerulonephritis. The Significance of the Variations in the Incidence of the Disease 12

Rammelkamp¹,

Weaver²

1953

J. Clin. Invest.

134

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“…The 1939 Elgin (Douglas et al, 1942) outbreak with 214 cases, some with, some without rash, was due to a Type 3 strain recovered both from patients and the infected cow. The earlier Chelmsford (Camps and Wood, 1936) outbreak of 1935 had the same clinical features and was due to Type 2. It lasted 11 days only and probably had the same causation but was not proved, as unfortunately only.…”

Section: Streptococcal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Milk-Borne Infections in Great Britain

Savage¹

1949

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health

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Section: Pathogenic Organisms Derived From the Cowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As another example of many such milk-borne outbreaks in England may be quoted that which occurred in August, 1935, at Chelmsford, when the number of cases of septic sore throat was of the order of 1,600 (Camps and Wood, 1936). Dalrymple-Champneys (1934) has said that "experienced veterinarians are agreed that something like 80 per cent.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of these may have been due to contamination of milk after it had left the cow. In English outbreaks, of which that occurring in Brighton and Hove in 1929 was a classic example, the sore throat is of varying grades of severity, and the worst cases have a variety of complications, possibly with fatal results.As another example of many such milk-borne outbreaks in England may be quoted that which occurred in August, 1935, at Chelmsford, when the number of cases of septic sore throat was of the order of 1,600 (Camps and Wood, 1936).The Extent of the DangerThe situation thus revealed as to the incidence in England of these three cattle infections is serious. Brucella abortus and the haemolytic streptococcus, to an extent at present impossible to estimate, swell the reservoir of undiagnosed and undiagnosable fevers, and the bovine tubercle bacillus causes the deaths of four times as many children as scarlet fever and over half as many as diphtheria.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compulsory Pasteurization

Brockington¹

1937

BMJ

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DistrictsFor many reasons the popularity and consumption of milk are on the increase, so that the time has come for the medical profession in general and health authorities in particular to take stock of their position in this matter. Milk is the vehicle for carrying many unpalatable things: farm dirt, cow manure, filth from milkers' hands, dirt from vessels, as well as other things not unpalatable but often disastrous to man, such as Brucella abortus, Koch's tubercle bacillus, and the organisms of enteric fever. There is a school of thought which believes that we must all swallow "a peck of dirt before we die." This should be a consolation to the many who are forced to drink milk with admixture of manure in varying strength, and until the far-off day when all milking will be mechanically performed, with conveyance direct from the cow into sealed sterilized bottles, it seems reasonably certain that milk will continue to contain dirt.For Pathogenic Organisms Derived from the CowPathogenic organisms may gain entrance to milk before and after it leaves the cow. In the first group are those arising from cattle infections, the chief organisms being bovine tubercle bacilli, Brlcella abortus, and streptococci from mastitis. The incidence of bovine tuberculosis in children, as meningitis, cervical adenitis, and lesions of the bones and joints, has been estimated by various workers. Dr. Stanley Griffith (1934) DalrympleChampneys (1934) records that only five cases were reported. In 1932, with increasing diagnosis, this number was fifty-seven. There is little doubt that the true number of infections is considerably in excess of this, possibly even ten times that number (Wilson, 1932). DalrympleChampneys has collected 147 cases, and reports " that 141 of these were consumers of raw milk-that is, milk which had not been boiled or pasteurized "-and he adds: " It is important to note that two of these patients drank Certified milk, three Grade A tuberculin-tested, and four Grade A." He recommends that, failing the provision of abortus-free herds, " all medical officers of schools should insist upon a pasteurized supply of milk."There is a similar uncertainty as to the incidence of streptococcal infections resulting from mastitis, sores on the teats, and other septic infections. Such infections are not notifiable, and they go for the most part unrecorded. In America (Rosenau, 1935)

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An Outbreak of Epidemic Sore-Throat of Milk-Borne Origin

Cited by 13 publications

References 6 publications

Acute Glomerulonephritis. The Significance of the Variations in the Incidence of the Disease 12

Acute Glomerulonephritis. The Significance of the Variations in the Incidence of the Disease 12

Milk-Borne Infections in Great Britain

Compulsory Pasteurization

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