An outbreak of East Coast Fever on the Comoros: A consequence of the import of immunised cattle from Tanzania?

Deken, R. De; Martin, Vincent; Saido, A.; Madder, Maxime; Brandt, J.; Geysen, Dirk

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.08.018

Cited by 56 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…For instance, in Mayotte, RVFV cases in humans and cattle in 2007 and 2008 also appeared to be an expansion of the East African outbreak (27) (8,25,26). These cases provide additional illustrations of the potential for infectious agents to be imported from coastal //comtrade.un.org/db/]).…”

Section: Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 98%

Genetic Evidence for Rift Valley Fever Outbreaks in Madagascar Resulting from Virus Introductions from the East African Mainland rather than Enzootic Maintenance

Carroll

Reynes

Khristova

et al. 2011

J Virol

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Section: Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 98%

Genetic Evidence for Rift Valley Fever Outbreaks in Madagascar Resulting from Virus Introductions from the East African Mainland rather than Enzootic Maintenance

Carroll

Reynes

Khristova

et al. 2011

J Virol

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“…The variable regions of the T. parva PIM and p104 genes were amplified using the semi-nested PCR-RFLPs described by De Deken et al (2007). SYBR ® green (SIGMA-ALDRICH, USA) was used for DNA detection.…”

Section: Amplification Of P104 and Pim Genes From T Parva Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of inserts in the recombinants was confirmed by colony PCR following the secondary PCR protocol described by De Deken et al (2007). Amplicons produced from the PIM colony PCR were digested with BclI to produce RFLP profiles for individual clones.…”

Section: Cloning and Sequencing Of P104 And Pim Pcr Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the discriminative characteristics of the PIM gene render it a good candidate for exploitation in discriminatory assays used for T. parva isolates (Bishop et al, 2001;De Deken et al, 2007), it is advisable that assays based on this gene should be continuously evaluated because of the rapid evolution of the PIM gene.…”

Section: Genetic Diversity Among South African T Parva Parasite Popumentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analyses of genes encoding Theileria parva p104 and polymorphic immunodominant molecule (PIM) reveal evidence of the presence of cattle-type alleles in the South African T. parva population

Sibeko

Collins

Oosthuizen

et al. 2011

Veterinary Parasitology

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Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR products (PCR-RFLP) and sequencing of the variable region of the p104 and PIM genes was performed on samples obtained from South African T. parva parasites originating from cattle on farms with suspected theileriosis and from buffalo. p104 and PIM PCR-RFLP profiles similar to those of the T. parva Muguga stock, an isolate that causes ECF in Kenya, were obtained from three of seven cattle samples collected on a farm near Ladysmith in KwaZulu-Natal Province. Amino acid sequences of the p104 and PIM genes from two of these samples were almost identical to the T. parva Muguga p104 and PIM sequences.This result supports findings from a recent p67 study in which p67 alleles similar to those of the T.parva Muguga stock were identified from the same samples. While these results suggest the presence of a cattle-derived T. parva parasite, reports of cattle-to-cattle transmission could not be substantiated and ECF was not diagnosed on this farm. Although extensive diversity of p104 and PIM gene sequences from South African T. parva isolates was demonstrated, no sequences identical to known cattle-type p104 and PIM alleles were identified from any of the buffalo T. parva samples analyzed. 'Mixed' PIM alleles containing both cattle-and buffalo-type amino acid motifs were identified for the first time, and there appeared to be selection of cattle-type and 'mixed'-type PIM sequences in the cattle samples examined. Keywords:Theileria parva, p104, polymorphic immunodominant molecule (PIM), characterization, Corridor disease, East Coast fever 3 IntroductionCattle theileriosis caused by Theileria parva is a disease of major economic importance in eastern, central and parts of southern Africa (Young et al., 1988). Infections of cattle by T. parva parasites result in three recognized disease syndromes, East Coast fever (ECF), January disease and Corridor disease. The natural tick vectors of T. parva in South Africa are Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and R. zambeziensis (Lawrence et al., 1983), and, in the presence of T. parva-infected buffalo, the vector ticks can transmit the parasite to naïve cattle, resulting in Corridor disease outbreaks.Corridor disease remains important in South Africa where it is a controlled disease. et al., 2008). This finding is of concern to the cattle industry in South Africa, as Potgieter et al. (1988) showed that buffalo-derived T. parva parasites, causing Corridor disease, can be maintained by passage between cattle and the tick vector. The persistence of T. parva infections in cattle in South Africa could eventually result in the selection of T. parva parasites adapted to cattle. It remains a concern that ECF could re-emerge and therefore a serious need exists to establish if there are cattle-type T. parva parasites in buffalo in South Africa.Restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses of PCR products (PCR-RFLP) of T. parva antigen genes, PIM, p104, p150 and p67, have been used for characterization of T. parva stocks (Geysen et ...

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“…We can also assume that transmission from the Union of Comoros to Madagascar is a credible scenario due to the DENV-3 2010 Comorian epidemic [39,40]. [41,42] and Rift Valley fever in 2011 [43]. The Tanzanian strain also shares a common ancestor with the strain isolated in China (Guangzhou) that have probably circulated during business travels [44].…”

Section: Phylogeny Of the 15 Strains Isolated In Africa Amongst Denv-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulation of Dengue Virus Type 3 Genotype III in Africa Since 2008

Monteil¹,

Maquart²,

Caro³

et al. 2016

JHVRV

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Dengue virus type 3 (DENV-3) genotype III circulated across East Africa between 1984 and 1993, but virulent strains is now considered essential public health activity. DENV serotype 3 (DENV-3) was first isolated during a DHF epidemic in Manila in 1956 [11] and is now circulating in Asia and South America [12,13,14]. This serotype is often associated with more severe diseases and dengue hemorrhagic fever than other serotypes [15,16,17]. Little is known about DENV-3 activity in Africa. Serotype 3 was first detected in Africa during a 1984 epidemic event in Pemba (Mozambique), where at least 45% of the local population was affected [18]. This high proportion could be explained at least in part by the naïve immune status of the population against this new serotype. Since then, sporadic occurrences of the serotype 3 were reported, such as in Kenya in 1991 and in Somalia in 1993 [19]. DENV-3 was responsible for 2 epidemics in Sudan in 2004-2005 and 2010 [20]. The latter affected over 3765 people [21]. In West Africa, DENV-3 circulation was first published in 2008 in Cote d'Ivoire, during a yellow fever alert [22,23].Moreover, subtle changes such as the ones at the lineage level could alter the potential of the dengue virus to cause severity, as it has already been observed in Sri Lankan DENV-3 strains [24,25]. The E protein is the major target gene for genetic variations with a possible impact on virulence [26,27] (Table 1). Materials and Methods Virus isolationSingle T25 C6/36 cells flask (2,6.106 cells) was inoculated with a mix made of 200 μl of serum with 2 ml of L-15 cell culture medium (Gibco), 2% FCS and 20 μl of heparin and filtered on a 22μm sterile filter. Culture flask was incubated at 28 °C. After 7 days, 2 ml of media was removed and added to a new T25 C6/36 cells flask. Culture flask was incubated at 28 °C, under 5% CO2 during 5 days. The supernatant was then removed and used for RT-PCR. Reverse-Transcription and sequencingViral RNA was extracted from 140 μl of cell culture supernatant using QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kits (Qiagen, Germany). RT-PCR and amplification was processed as previously described by Lanciotti et al. [17]: To generate two overlapping fragments covering the PrM/M and E genes region, primers pairs F1 (5'-GCTCCCCATGTCGGCATGGGACTGG-3')/ R1(5'-CATCCCTTTGAGTTTCAATTTGTCCAT-3') (1541bp) and F2 (5'-CTAGGATCTCAAGAAGGAGCAATGCA-3')/R2 (5'-CGCGGATCCATGGCTGTTGCCACTCTTTTGGGGGA-3') (865bp) were used in 2 separate reactions. These 2 overlapping fragments amplify a global region of 2272bp. RNA was first transcribed to cDNA using the Super Script III one-step RT-PCR kit (Invitrogen). The reaction mix was 25 µl of 2X reaction mix, 5 µl of template RNA, 1µl of sense primer 10µM (F1 or F2), 1µl of anti-sense primer 10 µM (R1 or R2), 2 µL of SuperScript III RT/Platinum Taq Mix and up to 50 µl of autoclaved distilled water according to manufacturer instruction. The cycle used was 56 °C during 30 min then 94 °C during 2 min followed by 40 cycles of 94 °C (15 s), 56 °C (30 s) and 68 °C (1 min 30). T...

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An outbreak of East Coast Fever on the Comoros: A consequence of the import of immunised cattle from Tanzania?

Cited by 56 publications

References 6 publications

Genetic Evidence for Rift Valley Fever Outbreaks in Madagascar Resulting from Virus Introductions from the East African Mainland rather than Enzootic Maintenance

Genetic Evidence for Rift Valley Fever Outbreaks in Madagascar Resulting from Virus Introductions from the East African Mainland rather than Enzootic Maintenance

Analyses of genes encoding Theileria parva p104 and polymorphic immunodominant molecule (PIM) reveal evidence of the presence of cattle-type alleles in the South African T. parva population

Circulation of Dengue Virus Type 3 Genotype III in Africa Since 2008

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