An outbreak of African horse sickness in Nigeria

Best, JR; Abegunde, Ayokunle T.

doi:10.1136/vr.97.20.394

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Horses are more affected by the disease than mules and donkeys and death is more likely. In endemic areas the disease is mild (horsesickness fever) or subelinical, but if horses are introduced from outside, rapid and fatal disease results, as has happened in West Africa from the nineteenth century to the present (Gaubert, 1936;Best, Abegunde & Taylor, 1975). If the virus spreads outside the endemic area, the disease is severe and readily noticed by the local population.…”

Section: And Vector Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible spread of African horse sickness on the wind

Sellers

Pedgley

Tucker

1977

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYAnalyses of outbreaks of African horse sickness showed that movement of infected Culicoides midges on the wind was most likely responsible for the spread of the disease over the sea from Morocco to Spain in 1966, from Turkey to Cyprus in 1960, and from Senegal to the Cape Verde Islands in 1943. The pattern of spread of the epidemic in the Middle East in 1960 could have been laid down by the infected midges carried on spells of south-east winds, and analyses of outbreaks in Algeria in 1965 and India in 1960 also suggested windborne spread of the disease. Each spread occurred when the presence of virus, host and vector coincided either with a spell of winds unusual for a particular time of year (Spain, Cyprus, Cape Verde Islands and Algeria) or with a series of disturbances usual at that time of the year (Middle East and India). Inferred flight endurance of the midge varied up to at least 20 h and flight range from 40 to 700 km. Flight occurred when temperatures were likely to have been in the range of 15–25 °C if it was at night or 20 to about 40 °C if it was by day.It is suggested that likely movements of midges on the wind can be estimated from synoptic weather charts, and should be taken into account when planning control of the disease in the face of an outbreak. Such control includes a ban on movement of horses, vaccination and spraying of insecticide.The risk of spread to countries outside the endemic areas should be assessed by reference to possible wind dispersal of infected midges.

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Section: And Vector Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible spread of African horse sickness on the wind

Sellers

Pedgley

Tucker

1977

J. Hyg.

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“…Since the first documented outbreak and subsequent isolation of the virus from a dead horse in Nigeria in 1970 (9), sporadic outbreaks of AHS have occurred in different regions of the country (3,8,16). Furthermore, Lazarus et al (12) reported in 2010 AHSV in a captive zebra that died in a game reserve in Bauchi, Nigeria.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…AHSV serotype 6 was identified in Ethiopia in 2003 and AHSV serotype 2 was also confirmed in Senegal and Nigeria in 2007 (17). So far, only AHSV serotypes 2 and 9 have been confirmed in Nigeria (3,8,9).…”

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confidence: 99%

Detection of African horse sickness virus antibodies by ELISA in sera collected from unvaccinated horses in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria

Ehizibolo¹,

Nwokike²,

Wungak³

et al. 2015

Rev. Elev. Med. Vet. Pays Trop.

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La peste équipe africaine (PEA), endémique dans les pays subsahariens, est considérée dans certaines parties du monde comme l’une des maladies des équidés les plus mortelles. Plusieurs foyers sporadiques de PEA ont été signalés dans le passé au Nigeria. Des anticorps dirigés contre le virus de la PEA ont été recherchés par un test Elisa d’inhibition dans les sérums de 284 chevaux collectés dans sept écuries de la métropole de Kaduna au Nigeria. Un grand pourcentage de sérums (86,6 p. 100) était positif, témoignant d’une exposition permanente des chevaux nigérians au virus de la PEA. La vaccination annuelle des chevaux et la lutte contre les vecteurs du virus sont recommandées pour limiter l’incidence de la maladie dans la région.

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“…In Nigeria, cases of AHS were described and diagnosed clinically and by serological tests in the northern parts of the country between 1931 and 1967 [ 104 – 106 ]. However, since the first documented outbreak and subsequent isolation of the virus from a dead horse in Nigeria in 1970 [ 107 ], sporadic outbreaks of AHS have occurred in different regions of the country [ 108 – 111 ]. However, unlike previous outbreaks in which AHSV serotype 9 was implicated, Fasina et al [ 112 ] reported the first isolation of a serotype 2 AHSV in the northern hemisphere from an outbreak in Lagos in 2007.…”

Section: Endemic Arboviruses Of Livestock In Nigeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Endemic and emerging arboviral diseases of livestock in Nigeria: a review

2018

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Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are the largest biologic group of vertebrate viruses and constitute important emerging infectious disease agents globally. Arthropod transmission provides a way for viruses to cross species barriers since the same arthropod may bite animals that rarely or never come into close contact in nature. In Nigeria, arboviruses have, over several decades, caused severe diseases in livestock resulting in great economic losses and, sometimes, infection of humans leading to morbidity and mortality. In the present review, a computerized search of existing literature was conducted using the Google search engine and PubMed electronic database to identify and review relevant publications on arboviral diseases of livestock in Nigeria. The keywords used were ‘arbovirus’, ‘arthropod-borne viral diseases’ or ‘livestock diseases’ and ‘Nigeria’ while the Boolean operator ‘OR’ was used to combine and narrow the searches. Additional information was obtained by searching the veterinary libraries for journals not listed in the database. The available publications were thereafter reviewed and findings qualitatively described. Our findings revealed that although there were several studies on arboviruses and the livestock diseases they cause in Nigeria, most of such reports were made four to six decades ago, with only a few reported recently. Consequently, the true economic and public health impact of these diseases are likely to be underestimated, mainly due to under-reporting or lack of awareness of them. Thus, it is essential to update information on arboviral diseases in Nigeria in order to increase awareness of the diseases and facilitate their prompt identification and reporting. The importance of routine surveillance for arbovirus livestock diseases and sentinel herd monitoring as basis for development of an early warning and alert system to prevent future outbreaks is discussed.

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An outbreak of African horse sickness in Nigeria

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Possible spread of African horse sickness on the wind

Possible spread of African horse sickness on the wind

Detection of African horse sickness virus antibodies by ELISA in sera collected from unvaccinated horses in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria

Endemic and emerging arboviral diseases of livestock in Nigeria: a review

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