An Organic Crystal with High Elasticity at an Ultra‐Low Temperature (77 K) and Shapeability at High Temperatures

Liu, Huapeng; Ye, Kaiqi; Zhang, Zuolun; Zhang, Hongyu

doi:10.1002/anie.201912236

Cited by 74 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…Our latest research has given a direction for realizing active optical waveguides in elastically bent crystals, which led to an important optical application of organic crystals. We designed elastic crystals composed of Schiff bases and derivatives of single‐benzene compounds, which exhibit excellent properties needed for flexible optical waveguides and even amplified spontaneous emission . The flexibility of crystals drives research in crystal engineering.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Waveguiding Organic Single Crystals Exhibiting Physical and Chemical Bending Features

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2020

Angew Chem Int Ed

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Bendable (elastic and plastic) organic single crystals have been widely studied as emerging flexible materials with highly ordered packing structures. However, even though manifold bendable organic crystals have been recently reported, most of them bend in response to only one stimulus. Herein, we report an organic single crystal of (Z)‐4‐(1‐cyano‐2‐(4‐(dimethylamino)phenyl)vinyl)benzonitrile, which bends under external stress (physical process) and also hydrochloric acid atmosphere (chemical process). This observation indicates that a single organic crystal, whose structure has been optimized simultaneously at both the molecular and supramolecular levels, may display multiple crystal‐bending modes. Furthermore, the crystals exhibit bright orange‐yellow emission and can serve as an active low‐loss optical waveguide in both the straight and the bent state, which indicates a potential optical application.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Waveguiding Organic Single Crystals Exhibiting Physical and Chemical Bending Features

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2020

Angew Chem Int Ed

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“…waveguides. [61,62] Within ab roader context, one could envisage future application of this method to only bend crystals, but also to morph them in adesired shape,including shaping into twisted or coiled ribbons.S uch deformed crystals could be further used to study their mechanical, optical, electronic or other properties.The method is general and can be applied to fabricate organic microwaveguides of desired shape from other mechanically compliant crystals that can then be incorporated in miniature photonic devices or used to assess the effects of mechanical deformation on their performance. Lifting of asingle microcrystal of C3 by using an AFM cantilever tip and its waveguiding properties.…”

Section: Forschungsartikelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micromanipulation of Mechanically Compliant Organic Single‐Crystal Optical Microwaveguides

et al. 2020

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Flexible organic single crystals are evolving as new materials for optical waveguides that can be used for transfer of information in organic optoelectronic microcircuits.I ntegration in microelectronics of such crystalline waveguides requires downsizing and precise spatial control over their shape and sizea tt he microscale,h owever that currently is not possible due to difficulties with manipulation of these small, brittle objects that are prone to cracking and disintegration. Here we demonstrate that atomic force microscopy(AFM) can be used to reshape,r esizea nd relocate single-crystal microwaveguides in order to attain spatial control over their light output. Using an AFM cantilever tip,m echanically compliant acicular microcrystals of three N-benzylideneanilines were bent to an arbitrary angle,s liced out from ab undle into individual crystals,cut into shorter crystals of arbitrary length, and moved across and aboveasolid surface.W hen excited by using laser light, such bent microcrystals act as active optical microwaveguides that transduce their fluorescence,w ith the total intensity of transduced light being dependent on the optical path length. This micromanipulation of the crystal waveguides using AFM is non-invasive,a nd after bending their emissive spectral output remains unaltered. The approach reported here effectively overcomes the difficulties that are commonly encountered with reshaping and positioning of small delicate objects (the "thick fingers" problem), and can be applied to mechanically reconfigure organic optical waveguides in order to attain spatial control over their output in two and three dimensions in optical microcircuits.

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“…[18] Recently, organic crystals with elasticity or plasticity have been emerging as a cutting-edge research field in crystal engineering. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] Desiraju and co-workers found that the anisotropic packing structure contributed to the plasticity of 2-(methylthio)nicotinic acid crystals. [32] Reddy and co-workers reported the elastic bendable organic cocrystal and provided insights into the mechanism of crystal elasticity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Naturally and Elastically Bent Organic Polymorphs for Multifunctional Optical Applications

Tang

Liu

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Recently, mechanically bendable organic single crystals have been widely studied as emerging flexible materials. However, only a very small percentage of organic crystals have been found to be elastic or plastic. In this study, crystal engineering is employed as a powerful strategy to improve the probability of constructing flexible organic crystals. Based on an organic compound, two polymorphs Cry-R and Cry-O with bright red and orange emissions, respectively, are obtained. Cry-R, being brittle inherently, can form a naturally bent crystal with an optical waveguide as efficient as the straight crystal. The other polymorph Cry-O can be elastically bent, almost into a loop, and displays an optical waveguide and amplified spontaneous emission in both the straight and bent state, demonstrating its multifunctional applications in flexible optical devices. In addition, the Y-shaped crystals of Cry-O obtained by natural growth are found to transduce single emitted light through the two branches and thus generate dual output signals simultaneously, which further highlights the utility of "crystal flexibility". The results not only suggest a guideline to modify the mechanical compliance by crystal engineering but also provide a model of flexible organic crystals for multifunctional optical applications.

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An Organic Crystal with High Elasticity at an Ultra‐Low Temperature (77 K) and Shapeability at High Temperatures

Cited by 74 publications

References 52 publications

Optical Waveguiding Organic Single Crystals Exhibiting Physical and Chemical Bending Features

Optical Waveguiding Organic Single Crystals Exhibiting Physical and Chemical Bending Features

Micromanipulation of Mechanically Compliant Organic Single‐Crystal Optical Microwaveguides

Naturally and Elastically Bent Organic Polymorphs for Multifunctional Optical Applications

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