An organ-specific view on non-host resistance

Strugala, Roxana; Delventhal, Rhoda; Schaffrath, Ulrich

doi:10.3389/fpls.2015.00526

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Our study demonstrates that FDH1 is required for plant innate immunity against both host and nonhost bacterial pathogens. Nonhost disease resistance is the most common form of plant defense against various pathogens [5,8,48,49]. HR cell death are typical symptoms in response to ETI-triggered nonhost resistance in plants [50,51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formate Dehydrogenase (FDH1) Localizes to Both Mitochondria and Chloroplast to Play a Role in Host and Nonhost Disease Resistance

Lee¹,

Vemanna²,

Oh³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Nonhost disease resistance is the most common type of plant defense mechanism against potential pathogens. In this study, the metabolic enzyme formate dehydrogenase (FDH1) was identified to be involved in nonhost disease resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana. In Arabidopsis, AtFDH1 was highly upregulated in response to both host and nonhost bacterial pathogens. Arabidopsis Atfdh1 mutants were compromised in nonhost resistance, basal resistance, and gene-for-gene resistance. The expression patterns of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) marker genes after pathogen infections in Atfdh1 mutant indicated that SA is most likely involved in the FDH1-mediated plant defense response to both host and nonhost bacterial pathogens. Previous studies reported that FDH1 localizes to only mitochondria, or both mitochondria and chloroplasts. Our results showed that the AtFDH1 localized to mitochondria and the amount of FDH1 localized to mitochondria increased upon infection with host or nonhost pathogens. Interestingly, the subcellular localization of FDH1 was observed in both mitochondria and chloroplasts after infection with a nonhost pathogen in Arabidopsis. We speculate that FDH1 plays a role in cellular signaling networks between mitochondria and chloroplasts to produce coordinated defense responses such as SA-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and hypersensitive response (HR)-induced cell death against nonhost bacterial pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formate Dehydrogenase (FDH1) Localizes to Both Mitochondria and Chloroplast to Play a Role in Host and Nonhost Disease Resistance

Lee¹,

Vemanna²,

Oh³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…All experiments with spike infections were carried out with cv. Apogee because of the exceptionally short time needed for this cultivar to reach 'heading' (Strugala et al 2015). While seed treatment with isotianil did not show any degree of protection, spray and especially drench application at the stage of fully emerged flag leaves gave remarkable reductions in the number of spikelets showing bleaching due to MoT infection (Fig.…”

Section: Drench Treatment With Isotianil At Stage Of Flag Leaf Develomentioning

confidence: 94%

Wheat blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae pathovar Triticum is efficiently controlled by the plant defence inducer isotianil

et al. 2020

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Wheat blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae pv. Triticum is an upcoming threat to wheat cultivation worldwide. The disease crossing over to wheat first gained attention in South America, with increasing interest coming from its more recent appearance in the big wheat-growing areas of Asia. The increasing economic relevance of the disease and the lack of genetic resistance in current wheat breeding material, besides fungicide resistance already present in fungal pathogen populations, highlighted the need to evaluate the potential of isotianil as an alternative plant protection measure. Isotianil is already registered in Asia for the protection of rice against M. oryzae, but because the agronomic practices and disease development of blast differ between rice and wheat, the efficacy of isotianil against wheat blast was hard to predict. Testing isotianil in the currently available formulations, applied either as seed treatment or soil drench, resulted in a significant reduction of disease severity. The efficacy was comparably high, on different wheat cultivars and using several fungal isolates with different degrees of virulence. Microscopic analyses revealed that isotianil treatment can prevent invasive growth of the pathogen. No phytotoxicity from isotianil treatment was observed on wheat plants. Importantly, isotianil not only protects wheat plants at the seedling stage but also on spikes thereby preventing losses due to this most severe disease syndrome. In summary, the results showed the high potential of isotianil to protect against wheat blast.

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“…The Magnaporthe isolates BR32 (Faivre-Rampant et al, 2008) and Br116.5 (Tanaka et al, 2009) were kindly provided by Didier Tharreau (CIRAD Montpellier, France) and by Yukio Tosa (Kobe University, Japan), respectively. Inoculations of wheat plants with these isolates were performed as described previously (Strugala et al, 2015;Delventhal et al, 2017). In brief, fungal cultures were maintained on oatmeal agar (20 g l −1 agar, 2 g l −1 yeast extract, 10 g l −1 starch, 30 g l −1 oat flakes) at 23 °C in the dark.…”

Section: Mot Infection Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wheat mlo Mutants Show Allele-Specific Levels of Enhanced Susceptibility to the Hemibiotrophic Fungal Pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae pv. Triticum

Grüner¹,

Esser²,

Acevedo‐Garcia³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Barley mlo mutants are well known for their profound resistance against powdery mildew disease. Recently, mlo mutant plants were generated in hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) with the help of transgenic (transcription-activator-like nuclease, TALEN) and non-transgenic (targeted induced local lesions in genomes, TILLING) biotechnological approaches. While full gene knockouts in the three wheat Mlo (TaMlo) homoeologs, created via TALEN, confer full resistance to the wheat powdery mildew pathogen (Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici), the currently available TILLING-derived Tamlo missense mutants provide only partial protection against powdery mildew attack. Here we studied the infection phenotypes of TALEN- and TILLING-derived Tamlo plants to the two hemibiotrophic pathogens Zymoseptoria tritici, causing Septoria leaf blotch in wheat, and Magnaporthe oryzae pv. Triticum (MoT), the causal agent of wheat blast disease. While Tamlo plants showed unaltered outcomes upon challenge with Z. tritici, we found allele-specific levels of enhanced susceptibility to MoT, with stronger powdery mildew resistance correlated with more invasive growth by the blast pathogen. Surprisingly, unlike barley mlo mutants, young wheat mlo mutant plants do not show undesired pleiotropic phenotypes such as spontaneous callose deposits in leaf mesophyll cells or signs of early leaf senescence. In conclusion, our study provides evidence for allele-specific levels of enhanced susceptibility of Tamlo plants to the hemibiotrophic wheat pathogen MoT.

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An organ-specific view on non-host resistance

Cited by 26 publications

References 32 publications

Formate Dehydrogenase (FDH1) Localizes to Both Mitochondria and Chloroplast to Play a Role in Host and Nonhost Disease Resistance

Formate Dehydrogenase (FDH1) Localizes to Both Mitochondria and Chloroplast to Play a Role in Host and Nonhost Disease Resistance

Wheat blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae pathovar Triticum is efficiently controlled by the plant defence inducer isotianil

Wheat <em>mlo</em> Mutants Show Allele-Specific Levels of Enhanced Susceptibility to the Hemibiotrophic Fungal Pathogen <em>Magnaporthe oryzae</em> pv. <em>Triticum</em>

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