An optoelectronic coupling for pulse-driven Josephson junction arrays

Ireland, Jane; Henderson, David W.; Williams, Jonathan M. J.; Kieler, Oliver; Kohlmann, J.; Behr, R.; Gran, Jarle; Malmbekk, Helge; Lind, K.; Tang, Chi Kwong

doi:10.1109/cpem.2014.6898290

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Patterns of varying pulse density have been tested to transduce codes up to 8/16 bit for up to 15 GHz clock frequency. This means that codes with instantaneous bit rates as high as 7.5 Gb/s can be applied in a JAWS system using this photodiode as pulsation source for the JJA, yielding realizable voltage peaks as high as 15.525 μV per junction. The full 16/16 bit pattern has also been tested, yielding bit rates as high as 15 Gb/s.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chip InGaAs p-i-n photodiode (Albis PD20X1) [14] used in this experiment has been flip-chip-bonded onto a siliconbased chip-carrier with superconductive niobium tracks. This carrier has been developed by a collaboration between the National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), and Justervesenet (JV) [15]. The carrier Fig.…”

Section: Photodiode Assemblymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equations (6) and (7) can be used to choose an appropriate JJA for the pulses that are produced by the photodiode, given that they are more or less Gaussian-shaped. Using metal-like NbSi barriers for the Josephson junctions [17], [18], a wide selection of JJAs can be manufactured, ranging in I c ∈ [0.25, 5] mA and f c ∈ [5,15] GHz, so that any conceivable array within these limits can be expected to represent realistic arrays. As stated previously, an array that is appropriate for a JAWS system is one where the entire first Shapiro step can be covered by the maximum extractable pulse height from the photodiodes.…”

Section: Selection and Simulation Of A Josephson Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pulsation of InGaAs Photodiodes in Liquid Helium for Driving Josephson Arrays in AC Voltage Realization

Karlsen

Kieler²,

Behr³

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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A commercially available InGaAs p-in photodiode chip has been custom packaged and high-speed operated in liquid helium. The photodiode was driven by light pulses using a dc-biased 1310-nm laser, a Mach-Zehnder modulator, and a return-to-zero pulse pattern generator up to 15 GHz clock frequencies, which produced pulse widths down to 77 ps and maximum peak current heights above 10 mA. With the prospect of using this photodiode assembly to operate pulse-driven Josephson junction arrays for ac voltage realization, pulsation modes with constant pulse width and varying pulse density were applied to the diode, which resulted in consistent pulse shapes for bit rates as high as 7.5 Gb/s. This could yield realizable peak voltages as high as 15.525 µV per Josephson junction. Time-lapse pulse measurements were performed over the span of 90 min, which demonstrated good waveform stability. Using the measured current waveforms, the behavior of a typical Josephson junction was simulated according to the Stewart-McCumber model, which resulted in an operational margin of 2 mA for the first Shapiro step.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Photodiode Assemblymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Selection and Simulation Of A Josephson Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pulsation of InGaAs Photodiodes in Liquid Helium for Driving Josephson Arrays in AC Voltage Realization

Karlsen

Kieler²,

Behr³

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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“…As part of a collaboration between Justervesenet, University of South-Eastern Norway (USN), NPL and PTB, the development of an optical drive for a JAWS system was also begun [18]- [23].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Pulse-Drive for the Pulse-Driven AC Josephson Voltage Standard

Kieler

Karlsen

Øhlckers

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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We developed an optical pulse-drive for the operation of the Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizer (JAWS) using a fast photodiode (PD) operated at 4 K, close to the JAWS chip. The optical pulses are transmitted to the PD by an easily removable optical fiber attached to it. A bare-lensed PD is mounted by flipchip technique to a custom-made silicon-carrier chip. This carrier chip is equipped with coplanar waveguides to transmit the electrical pulses from the PD to the JAWS chip mounted on a separate printed circtuit board (PCB). The main components of this optical setup are a laser source, a high-speed Mach-Zehnder modulator, and the modulator driver. The waveform pattern is supplied by a commercial pulse pattern generator providing up to 15 GHz electrical return-to-zero (RTZ)-pulses. Unipolar sinusoidal waveforms were synthesized. Using a JAWS array with 3000 junctions, an effective output voltage of 6.6 mV root mean square (RMS) at the maximum available clock-frequency of 15 GHz was achieved. Higher harmonics were suppressed by more than 90 dBc at laserbias operation margins of more than 1 mA. Index Terms-AC Josephson voltage standard, Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer, SNS Josephson junction, sigma-delta modulation, optical pulse-drive, flip-chip technology. I. INTRODUCTION A FTER many years since the first realization of a pulsedriven AC Josephson voltage standard [1], recent developments in increasing the effective output voltage to 1 V root mean square (RMS) or even more [2]-[5] show that the use of a pulse-driven Josephson voltage standard is an important approach for voltage metrology. This AC Josephson voltage standard is often called "Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizer" (JAWS) and it is already used in several NMIs for metrology applications [6]-[15]. For the application in JAWS, the Josephson junctions are operated by short current pulses to Manuscript

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