“…To directly compensate environmental disturbances and system uncertainties, an acceleration-based feedforward controller is proposed for arctic dynamic positioning (Kjerstad, Skjetne and Jenssen, 2011). In Jayasiri, Nandan, Imtiaz, Spencer and Ahmed (2016), a nonlinear model predictive controller is proposed to generate online optimal commands for arctic dynamic positioning considering both the actuator and state constraints. Considering energy consumption, Kang, Lee, Lim, Lee, Jang, Jung and Lee (2021) evaluated the improvement of the positioning performance in ice conditions by heading control.…”