An optimized relay handover algorithm in TD-LTE along high-speed railway

Abstract

Handover (HO) is one of the key procedures, which ensures user equipment (UE) moving smoothly in long term evolution (LTE) systems. Generally, hard handover has a high outage probability and is relatively simple, but when the velocity of UE is high, the procedure may be unreliable, especially for VoIP service. In the special scenario high-speed railway, network deployment is known and an optimized relay algorithm could be applied according to information already known, such as cell deployment and direction of UE running. Simulation results show that algorithm proposed performs better than the traditional hard handover in high-speed railway networks.

Multi-Objective Optimization for High-Speed Railway Network Based on “Demand–Supply–Management” Model

“…Therefore, it is necessary to develop an optimal route structure for the railway network at the planning level. Nevertheless, the existing high-speed railway network is not fully optimized, due to a lack of knowledge on developing high-speed railways [7]. Therefore, the motivation of this study was to propose an optimization framework for high-speed railway network planning.…”

“…where C O is the operating cost of the line, C 1 is the construction and maintenance costs of the high-speed railway lines, C 2 is the construction and maintenance costs of a high-speed station, and C 3 is the purchase and maintenance costs of a high-speed train. We can calculate C 1 , C 2 , and C 3 , respectively, according to Equations ( 5)- (7).…”