An optimization study of liquid hydrogen boil-off losses

Gursu, S.; Lordgooei, Mehrdad; Sherif, S. A.; Везироглу, Т. Н.

doi:10.1016/0360-3199(92)90131-f

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, at ambient temperatures, hydrogen is a gas and thus occupies substantial volume. To overcome this, hydrogen can be liquefied by cooling to approximately 20 K (−253 • C) at atmospheric pressure [5][6][7]. The resulting temperature difference between the volume of stored liquid and the ambient environment ensures that heat ingress into the LH 2 is inevitable, which can cause it to evaporate [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of Liquid Hydrogen Boil-Off

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A model has been developed and implemented in the software package BoilFAST that allows for reliable calculations of the self-pressurization and boil-off losses for liquid hydrogen in different tank geometries and thermal insulation systems. The model accounts for the heat transfer from the vapor to the liquid phase, incorporates realistic heat transfer mechanisms, and uses reference equations of state to calculate thermodynamic properties. The model is validated by testing against a variety of scenarios using multiple sets of industrially relevant data for liquid hydrogen (LH2), including self-pressurization and densification data obtained from an LH2 storage tank at NASA’s Kennedy Space Centre. The model exhibits excellent agreement with experimental and industrial data across a range of simulated conditions, including zero boil-off in microgravity environments, self-pressurization of a stored mass of LH2, and boil-off from a previously pressurized tank as it is being relieved of vapor.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of Liquid Hydrogen Boil-Off

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus, enriched pH 2 @C 60 , which is nonvolatile, readily soluble in common solvents, or adsorbed on surfaces, can be viewed as a more versatile probe than pH 2 for investigating subtle magnetic effects in condensed media or on surfaces. Understanding such phenomena has important applications to the liquefaction and storage of liquid hydrogen 7 and the production and chemical or medical uses of nuclear polarization. 8…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration of a Chemical Transformation Inside a Fullerene. The Reversible Conversion of the Allotropes of H₂@C₆₀

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The interconversion of the two allotropes of the hydrogen molecule (para-H2 and ortho-H2) incarcerated inside the fullerene C60 is reported (oH2@C60 and pH2@C60, respectively). For conversion, oH2@C60 was adsorbed at the external surface of the zeolite NaY and immersed into liquid oxygen at 77 K. Equilibrium was reached in less than 0.5 h. Rapid removal of oxygen provides a sample of enriched pH2@C60 that is stable for many days in the absence of paramagnetic catalysts (half-life approximately 15 days). Enriched pH2@C60 is nonvolatile and soluble in organic solvents. At room temperature in the presence of a paramagnetic catalyst (dissolved O2 or the nitroxide Tempo) a slow back conversion into oH2@C60 was observed by 1H NMR. A bimolecular rate constant for conversion of pH2@C60 to oH2@C60 using Tempo of kTempo approximately 4 x 10-5 M-1 s-1 was observed, which is approximately 3 orders of magnitudes slower than that for dissolved pH2 in organic solvents which is not protected by the C60 shell.

show abstract

“…Heat transfer from the environment to the liquid increases the pressure inside the tank. Since the tank is not designed to hold high pressure, hydrogen is allowed to escape through a relief valve, which is sometimes referred to as “boil-off” [75,76,77]. Because thermal insulation is never perfect, an unused hydrogen reservoir stored in a warm environment will eventually deplete itself.…”

Section: Other Storage Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Storage for Mobility: A Review

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Numerous reviews on hydrogen storage have previously been published. However, most of these reviews deal either exclusively with storage materials or the global hydrogen economy. This paper presents a review of hydrogen storage systems that are relevant for mobility applications. The ideal storage medium should allow high volumetric and gravimetric energy densities, quick uptake and release of fuel, operation at room temperatures and atmospheric pressure, safe use, and balanced cost-effectiveness. All current hydrogen storage technologies have significant drawbacks, including complex thermal management systems, boil-off, poor efficiency, expensive catalysts, stability issues, slow response rates, high operating pressures, low energy densities, and risks of violent and uncontrolled spontaneous reactions. While not perfect, the current leading industry standard of compressed hydrogen offers a functional solution and demonstrates a storage option for mobility compared to other technologies.

show abstract

An optimization study of liquid hydrogen boil-off losses

Cited by 33 publications

References 12 publications

Modelling of Liquid Hydrogen Boil-Off

Modelling of Liquid Hydrogen Boil-Off

Demonstration of a Chemical Transformation Inside a Fullerene. The Reversible Conversion of the Allotropes of H₂@C₆₀

Hydrogen Storage for Mobility: A Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

An optimization study of liquid hydrogen boil-off losses

Cited by 33 publications

References 12 publications

Modelling of Liquid Hydrogen Boil-Off

Modelling of Liquid Hydrogen Boil-Off

Demonstration of a Chemical Transformation Inside a Fullerene. The Reversible Conversion of the Allotropes of H2@C60

Hydrogen Storage for Mobility: A Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Demonstration of a Chemical Transformation Inside a Fullerene. The Reversible Conversion of the Allotropes of H₂@C₆₀