An optimization method for design and operation of combined cooling, heating, and power systems toward a smart grid

Abstract

Combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) systems are regarded as efficient, reliable and environmentally technologies for energy utilization. Besides, smart grid is an intelligent electricity delivering system brings benefits to utilities and consumers as well as improves the energy efficiency and reliability on the grid. The combination of the two provides a promising energy solution for future distributed energy system. An optimization method was proposed for design and operation of CCHP systems towards a smart grid. The program can optimize the sizing of components, hourly demand of biogas and electricity from grid. So the program serves the smart grid from demand side response. A sewage treatment plant (STP) in Hong Kong was selected for the case study as it needs simultaneous heating, cooling and power with selfgenerated biogas. The simulation was conducted under different sizing criteria and biogas prices.The CCHP system can avoid the dependency on utility if the peak-load-sizing is adopted. For STP, it is more economically attractive to adopt a larger system. The optimized strategy shows the CHP should operate longer at full load when the biogas price is cheaper and operate at part load only to satisfy the heating load when the biogas is expensive.

An enhanced operation model for energy storage system of a typical combined cool, heat and power based on demand response program: The application of mixed integer linear programming

“…36 Bakirtzis et al have addressed a unified unit commitment and economic dispatch model that integrates storage devices for the efficient integration of increasing renewable energy source (RES) injections in the energy generation mix. 37 The optimization of components' sizing, biogas and electricity on hourly demand and operation of CCHP toward a smart grid has been discussed in Chen et al 38 Jenkins has focused on the initial stages of the energy demand research to explore the effect of future buildings on national energy systems and the necessary action to ensure that the design of buildings and associated energy systems is resilient to these future uncertainties and consistent with low-carbon targets. 39 Thermal storage of buildings, as the major end-users, consists of active and passive storage and can actually play an important role in energy conservation.…”

“…Lack of investigation into the impact of using storage devices on optimum operation of an MEG through mixed integer linear programming (MILP) programming as in literature. 1,15,16,19,21,24,30,32,34,38,39,45,46,48,49,51,[57][58][59][60] . Lack of investigation into the impact of renewable energy resource on the optimum operation of an MEG at the distribution level as in literature.…”

“…Lack of investigation into the impact of renewable energy resource on the optimum operation of an MEG at the distribution level as in literature. [3][4][5][9][10][11]14,17,20,21,23,32,38,44,45,48,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60] . Lack of simultaneous inclusion of renewable resources and storages in a typical CCHP system as in literature.…”

“…The ignorance of energy hub in simulating an MEG with different constructions, ratings, parameters and constraints as in literature. 1,3,4,8,10,13,16,[18][19][20][21][22][23][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][45][46][47][48][49][51][52][53][55][56][57][58][59][60] . The ignorance of DR program for smart demand in operating an existing MEG as in literature.…”

Optimal planning of renewable energy source and energy storage in a medium‐ and low‐voltage distributed AC/DC system in China

“…Many researchers have studied the optimum sizing of stand‐alone photovoltaic–diesel system [1], stand‐alone photovoltaic–storage system [2, 3], hybrid photovoltaic–wind–battery system [4–7], stand‐alone photovoltaic–wind–diesel–battery hybrid system [8–13], distributed energy system–combined heat and power system [14, 15], combined cold heat and power system [16–19] and so on. In these researches, few of them study the optimisation of sizing of hybrid distributed energy systems with a power electronic transformer (PET).…”