An optimization framework for load and power distribution in wind farms

Abstract

a b s t r a c tThe aim of this paper is to develop a controller for wind farms to optimize the load and power distribution. In this regard, the farm controller calculates the power reference signals for individual wind turbine controllers such that the sum of the power references tracks the power demanded by a system operator. Moreover, the reference signals are determined to reduce the load acting on wind turbines at low frequencies. Therefore, a trade-off is made for load and power control, which is formulated as an optimization problem. Afterwards, the optimization problem for the wind farm modeled as a bilinear control system is solved using an approximation method.

Field Implementation and Trial of Coordinated Control of WIND Farms

“…A complex wake flow model SOWFA (Simulator for Offshore Wind Farm Analysis) is used in [11]- [13] for analysing different curtailment strategies. Simulations with field data using a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) based wind deficit model in [14] optimise wind farm production and loads. Wind tunnel experiments in [8], [15] use axial induction factor for evaluating different control strategies.…”

A Model-Free Approach for Maximizing Power Production of Wind Farm Using Multi-Resolution Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation

“…There, the controllers predict the wake propagation of the derived wind farm models. Similar controllers have been reported by [7,8] in a distributed way, where the power production reference for each turbine is given in advance. For example, in [8], if the wind speed is higher than the nominal one, the references for both the power production and the blade pitch angle are provided to the individual turbine, otherwise rotor speed references are given to each turbine to extract the available power.…”

“…Similar controllers have been reported by [7,8] in a distributed way, where the power production reference for each turbine is given in advance. For example, in [8], if the wind speed is higher than the nominal one, the references for both the power production and the blade pitch angle are provided to the individual turbine, otherwise rotor speed references are given to each turbine to extract the available power. Next, a stationary wind farm model has been introduced by [9], which consists of the ambient wind speed and interactions among turbines sub-models.…”

Optimal Coordinated Control of Power Extraction in LES of a Wind Farm with Entrance Effects

“…One of the first studies of this kind was performed by Steinbuch et al [4] They proposed a concept of downrating the power output from upwind turbines in a farm, so that the wind speed in their wake would be higher, leading to higher energy extraction by downwind turbines and possibly an overall increase of power extraction. Later, many other studies followed this approach [5][6][7][8][9]. Unfortunately, in most of these studies, validation of the controllers in experiments or high fidelity turbulence-resolving flow simulations (such as LES) were impossible.…”