An Optimal Fast-Charging Strategy for Lithium-Ion Batteries via an Electrochemical–Thermal Model with Intercalation-Induced Stresses and Film Growth

Abstract

Optimal fast charging is an important factor in battery management systems (BMS). Traditional charging strategies for lithium-ion batteries, such as the constant current–constant voltage (CC–CV) pattern, do not take capacity aging mechanisms into account, which are not only disadvantageous in the life-time usage of the batteries, but also unsafe. In this paper, we employ the dynamic optimization (DP) method to achieve the optimal charging current curve for a lithium-ion battery by introducing limits on the intercalation-induced stresses and the solid–liquid interface film growth based on an electrochemical–thermal model. Furthermore, the backstepping technique is utilized to control the temperature to avoid overheating. This paper concentrates on solving the issue of minimizing charging time in a given target State of Charge (SoC), while limiting the capacity loss caused by intercalation-induced stresses and film formation. The results indicate that the proposed optimal charging method in this paper offers a good compromise between the charging time and battery aging.

Investigating performance of full-cell using NaFe0.45Cu0.05Co0.5O2 cathode and hard carbon anode

“…Because the presodiated methods involve the risk of electrode deformation, pure HC is highly preferred to be used as the anode for full-cell even though its low ICE reduces the gravimetric energy density. Furthermore, the performance improvement and long cycle life of batteries depend not only on the efficiency of the anode, but also on the charging regime [29][30][31]. Thus, the charge regimes were investigated to see if they could improve the cycling stability of the full-cell.…”

Inner Lithium Fluoride (LiF)-Rich Solid Electrolyte Interphase Enabled by a Smaller Solvation Sheath for Fast-Charging Lithium Batteries

“…Since the commercialization of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), LIBs are more and more indispensable in our daily life. , With the development of portable electronics and electric vehicles, the requirements for LIBs with shorter charging time and the ability to work at low temperature are more and more urgent. , For instance, LIBs need to be charged over 80% of their capacity within 15 min and work normally in the cold winter all over the world. − Many strategies, such as the optimization of the charging protocol and the incorporation of a self-heating system, have been adopted to augment the fast-charging and low-temperature performance of LIBs, respectively. − …”

Multi-Level Model Reduction and Data-Driven Identification of the Lithium-Ion Battery

“…In addition, electrochemical models usually consist of a series of partial differential equations, (PDEs), which make them computationally expensive. Recently, many reduced-order electrochemical models [22][23][24][25] have been proposed for different purpose, including State-of-Charge estimation [25], aging prediction [26,27], optimal charging control [28,29], and the optimization of battery design [30]. Compared to the empirical models and ECMs, the electrochemical models can achieve higher accuracy with clear physical meanings.…”