An optically isolated digital interface for the SKED system

Grisham, Michael G.; Frei, Lloyd J.

doi:10.3758/bf03214503

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The chambers were ventilated by externally mounted blowers that, in addition to speakers that supplied white noise, provided masking noise. Experimental events and data collection were controlled from a separate room by a POP 8/A computer (Digital Equipment Corporation) in conjunction with the SKED software system (Snapper, Stephens, & Lee, 1974) and a solidstate interface (Grisham & Frei, 1977).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of differential reinforcement expectancies on successful matching-to-sample performance in pigeons.

DeLong¹,

Wasserman²

1981

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes

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A series of experiments employed a symbolic variant of Konorski's delayed successive matching-to-sample task in order to determine whether differential reinforcement expectancies affect discriminative responding. One of two sample stimuli (S1 or S2) was followed, after a delay (0, 5, or 10 sec), by one of two test stimuli (T1 or T2). Pigeons' key pecking during test periods could produce food only on S1-T1 and S2-T2 (positive) trials; nonreinforcement invariably occurred on S1-T2 and S2-T1 (negative) trials. Differential reinforcement was scheduled by following the two positive trial sequences with different probabilities of reinforcement (.2 and 1.0); nondifferential reinforcement was scheduled by following the two positive trial sequences with a single, intermediate probability of reinforcement. (.6). Subjects given differential reinforcement acquired the conditional discriminaton more rapidly and reached higher terminal levels of performance than nondifferential controls (Experiment 1). Moreover, the magnitude of these differences increased as the delay between sample and test stimuli was lengthened. Reversing the probabilities of reinforcement in the differential problem produced a substantial and durable disruption of conditional discrimination performance (Experiment 2). The same general pattern of results was obtained when differential sample key pecking was eliminated (Experiment 3). These results can be parsimoniously interpreted by postulating the existence of learned reinforcement expectancies, and they detract from the merits of trace theory as a complete account of animal memory.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of differential reinforcement expectancies on successful matching-to-sample performance in pigeons.

DeLong¹,

Wasserman²

1981

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes

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“…Each chest could be illuminated by a 6-W 24-V dc houselight located behind the end panel on which the lever was mounted. Experimental control and data collection were provided from a separate room by a PDP 8/F computer (Digital Equipment Corp.) using the SKED software system (Snapper, Stephens, & Lee, 1974) to control a solid-state interface (Grisham & Frei, 1977).…”

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control Rate of Response or Reinforcement and Amphetamine's Effect on Behavior

Lucki¹,

DeLong²

1983

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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The roles of control response rate and reinforcement frequency in producing amphetamine's effect on operant behavior were evaluated independently in rats. Two multiple schedules were arranged in which one variable, either response rate or reinforcement frequency, was held constant and the other variable manipulated. A multiple differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate seven-second yoked variable-interval schedule was used to equate reinforcement frequencies at different control response rates between multiple-schedule components. Amphetamine increased responding under the variable-interval component. In contrast, amphetamine decreased responding equivalently between components of a multiple random-ratio schedule that produced similar control response rates at different reinforcement frequencies. The results provide experimental support to the rate-dependency principle that control rate of responding is an important determinant of amphetamine's effect on operant behavior.

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“…In each chamber ventilation was provided by an exhaust fan; white noise was provided through an audio speaker. Experimental control and data collection were managed in an adjacent room by a DEC PDP 8/a computer using the SKED software system (Snapper, Stephens, 8c Lee, 1974) and a solid-state interface (Grisham & Frei, 1977).…”

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory for Sequences of Stimuli and Responses

Wasserman¹,

Nelson²,

Larew³

1980

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Two experiments sought to determine if pigeons could discriminate and remember recent sequences of stimuli and responses. A variant of Konorski's short-term memory procedure involving successive presentation of sample and test stimuli was used. The samples were stimulus-response pairs of the form, (S-R)(1)-(S-R)(2). Differential test responding disclosed memory of the two-item samples, with birds showing earlier and greater control by the second item than the first (Experiment 1). When the retention interval separating the second item of the sample sequence from the test stimulus was lenghtened from .5 to 2.0 or 4.0 sec, a systematic loss of stimulus control resulted; however, when varied over the same temporal range, the interval between the two items of the sample sequence had a much smaller effect, or none at all (Experiment 2). These results support an account of response-sequence differentiation that stresses short-term memory of organized behavior patterns.

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An optically isolated digital interface for the SKED system

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Effects of differential reinforcement expectancies on successful matching-to-sample performance in pigeons.

Effects of differential reinforcement expectancies on successful matching-to-sample performance in pigeons.

Control Rate of Response or Reinforcement and Amphetamine's Effect on Behavior

Memory for Sequences of Stimuli and Responses

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