“…By reconfiguring the topology, they can make the network be comparable to a nonblocking network, while saving on power, cost, and wiring complexity. Other works use optics to reduce latency [61]; use optics to support multicast [62,63,64,65]; and design new optical hardware [66,67,68]. Differently, Owan reconfigures topologies in the WAN scenario, which uses ROADMs, regenerators and has the optical reach constraint, and Owan combines topology reconfiguration with routing and rate allocation to optimize transfer-level objectives.…”