An optical humidity sensor based on Li3PO4 hollow nanospheres

Zhang, Weixin; Yang, Zeheng; Peng, Jing

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2010.11.052

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…[4][5][6] Also optical humidity sensors based on Li 3 PO 4 have been presented recently. 7 Thin Li 3 PO 4 film has also been used as an interfacial layer between LiCoO 2 electrode and solid polymer electrolyte in solid state lithium ion battery. 8 Crystallization of Li 3 PO 4 greatly decreases the ionic conductivity: amorphous Li 2.7 PO 3.9 has an ionic conductivity of 6.6 × 10 −8 S/cm while the polycrystalline γ-Li 3 PO 4 has been extrapolated to be highly resistive with as low conductivity as 4.2 × 10 −18 S/cm at 25 • C. 9 Even if the ionic conductivity is only moderate, amorphous Li 3 PO 4 is still a potential electrolyte material provided it can be made dense already at low thickness.…”

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confidence: 99%

Lithium Phosphate Thin Films Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition

Hämäläinen

Holopainen

Munnik

et al. 2012

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Lithium phosphate, Li 3 PO 4 , has been considered a potential electrolyte material for lithium ion batteries and CO 2 sensors in particular if the films can be made dense and of high quality already at low thickness. In this work, Li 3 PO 4 thin films were deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) between 225 and 350 • C using trimethyl phosphate and either of the two lithium sources, namely lithium hexamethyldisilazide or lithium tert-butoxide. The deposited films showed slightly crystalline Li 3 PO 4 structure in X-ray diffraction and the elastic recoil detection analysis confirmed this stoichiometry with some carbon and hydrogen impurities. The crystallinity and thermal stability of the films at elevated temperatures in N 2 were also examined. The long term stability of the deposited Li 3 PO 4 films under ambient air may be an issue for the applicability of these processes. Lithium phosphate, Li 3 PO 4 , can be applied as an electrolyte in solid state lithium ion batteries 1-3 and CO 2 gas sensors. 4-6 Also optical humidity sensors based on Li 3 PO 4 have been presented recently. 7 Thin Li 3 PO 4 film has also been used as an interfacial layer between LiCoO 2 electrode and solid polymer electrolyte in solid state lithium ion battery. 8 Crystallization of Li 3 PO 4 greatly decreases the ionic conductivity: amorphous Li 2.7 PO 3.9 has an ionic conductivity of 6.6 × 10 −8 S/cm while the polycrystalline γ-Li 3 PO 4 has been extrapolated to be highly resistive with as low conductivity as 4.2 × 10 −18 S/cm at 25 • C. 9 Even if the ionic conductivity is only moderate, amorphous Li 3 PO 4 is still a potential electrolyte material provided it can be made dense already at low thickness.In lithium ion battery applications the 3D structuring of the materials would be a way to effectively increase the energy storage capacity by increasing the specific surface area. 10, 11 Atomic layer deposition (ALD) 12-15 may prove to be useful for depositing thin films on demanding 3D structures as films grown by ALD inherently possess good conformality and uniformity because of the alternating, saturative precursor doses and self-limiting surface reactions. The resulting accurate thickness controllability and repeatability of the films is a major benefit of the layer by layer approach used in ALD. Some of the electrolyte material candidates for 3D batteries include for example Li 3 PO 4 and nitrogen mixed lithium phosphate known as LiPON. 10,11 ALD processes for phosphate films are very few in number, although aluminum phosphate thin films have been deposited already in the 90's. 16,17 Besides aluminum phosphate, only ALD of calcium phosphate has been published. 18 Also lithium containing ALD processes were absent until recent reports on ALD of lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium aluminate, lithium silicate, lithium lanthanate and lithium lanthanum titanates. [19][20][21][22][23] In addition, ALD of LiFePO 4 and Ca:LaPO 4 materials have been recently presented. 24,25 Here we report ALD growth and characterization of lithium...

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Lithium Phosphate Thin Films Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition

Hämäläinen

Holopainen

Munnik

et al. 2012

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…The humidity sensing measurements could be referred to our previous reports [21,22]. The RH response was tested by using an adapted photoluminescence-type setup operated at room temperature (25 • C), which consisted of a gas flow control system, a colorimetric cuvette and a Hitachi F-4500 FL spectrophotometer.…”

Section: Photoluminescence Humidity Sensing Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertically aligned tungsten oxide nanorod film with enhanced performance in photoluminescence humidity sensing

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2014

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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“…High yields of unsaturated ethers can also be readily obtained from acetals using an alkaline lithium phosphate catalyst (Rojas, De Vidales, Delgado, & Sinisterra, 1993). Additionally, Li 3 PO 4 has been considered as a solid electrolyte for CO 2 gas sensors (Kim, Yoon, Park, & Kim, 2001;Lee & Akbar, 2014;Lee, Dutta, Ramamoorthy, & Akbar, 2006;Noh, Satyanarayana, & Park, 2005;Satyanarayana, Choi, Noh, Lee, & Park, 2007;Wang, Ren, Zhang, Sun, & Jiang, 2012) that also could be used as optical humidity sensors (Zhang, Chen, Yang, & Peng, 2011). The most important application of lithium phosphate lies in the field of lithium batteries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Pei, Chen, and Zhang (2012) synthesized hollow Li 3 PO 4 particles with an average diameter of about 0.58 m in a mixed solvent system of glycol and water at 140 • C for 20 h. Zhang et al (2011) prepared Li 3 PO 4 with PVP in a LiOH solution as template for the formation of hollow structures. At present, the preparation of Li 3 PO 4 nanospheres with good monodispersity by a fast precipitation method in a short reaction time and simple reaction medium is still difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%