An Optical Fiber Viscometer Based on Long-Period Fiber Grating Technology and Capillary Tube Mechanism

Wang, Jian-Neng; Tang, Jaw-Luen

doi:10.3390/s101211174

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…8,16 The viscosity range accessible with these viscometers is 1 × 10 −3 −1 × 10 2 Pa•s. 7,13,15,17 In addition, traditional viscometers often have complicated setups and are expensive. Therefore, a low-cost and simple viscometer setup that requires only small sample volumes is highly desirable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many types of viscometers that have been developed to measure the viscosity of a Newtonian fluid such as the falling sphere method , as well as capillary, − rotational/sliding, , vibrational, and microfluidic viscometers. , The falling sphere method obtains the viscosity based on Stokes’ law, which states that when a sphere of known size falling in a liquid reaches its terminal velocity, the fractional force is balanced with the gravitational force . In contrast, capillary viscometers measure the time it takes a known volume of liquid to pass through a capillary of known diameter, which is proportional to the kinematic viscosity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viscosity-Dependent Janus Particle Chain Dynamics

Ren

Kretzschmar

2013

Langmuir

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Iron oxide (Fe3O4) Janus particles assemble into staggered chains parallel to the field lines in an ac electric field. Subsequent application of an external magnetic field leads to contraction of the staggered chains into double chains. The relation between the viscosity of the surrounding solution and the contraction rate of the iron oxide Janus particle chains is studied. Further, the influence of particle size and chain length (i.e., number of particles in chain) on the contraction rate is investigated. The base material for the Janus structure is silica (SiO2) with particle sizes of 1, 2, and 4 μm, and the cap material is Fe3O4. Addition of increasing amounts of glycerol to the aqueous system reveals that the contraction dynamics strongly correlate with the viscosity of the solution. The average chain contraction rate for each particle size can be fitted in the low viscosity range from 1 to 30 mPa·s with a power function of the form A/μ(0.9) - B/μ, in which the coefficients A and B are particle size, electric field, and magnetic-field-dependent constants. Using this function, the viscosity of an unknown solution can be determined, thereby pointing to the potential application of these Janus particle chain assemblies as in situ microviscometers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscosity-Dependent Janus Particle Chain Dynamics

Ren

Kretzschmar

2013

Langmuir

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“…Among those, the vibrational behavior of e.g., tuning forks shows a high dependence on fluid properties with high coupling and cross-sensitivities among mass density and viscosity (Blaauweegers et al, 2007). On the other hand, capillary tube on-chip viscometers have been found to be an effective means for determining the shear viscosity of highly viscous liquids by means of evaluating the pressure drop necessary for inducing a laminar channel flow (Lin et al, 2007;Chevalier and Ayela, 2008;Wang et al, 2010). Furthermore, viscosity variations may be determined by evaluating the propagation of acoustic waves through a microchannel filled with the test liquid (Choi et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Driving modes and material stability of a double membrane rheometer and density sensor

Weiß

Heinisch

Reichel

et al. 2013

J. Sens. Sens. Syst.

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This contribution presents the analysis of an earlier proposed double membrane sensor for measuring mass density and rheological properties of liquids with respect to different driving modes. Concerning practical implementation the sensor mounting and the stability of the polyethylene foil, currently used as membrane material, are investigated. The sensor is based on two opposed membranes vibrating in parallel where a sample liquid is enclosed between the membranes. The excitation and read-out mechanisms of the membrane vibration are based on Lorentz forces induced in a static magnetic field. Each membrane carries three conductive paths for excitation, which can be separately connected to the excitation currents. This allows the excitation of the first and second modes of vibration and enables prestressing the second mode of oscillation. Analyzing the material-stability of the used polyethylene foil shows a strong long-term drift of the modulus of elasticity and an increase of internal damping with increasing temperature. Comparing the resonance frequency of the fundamental mode with earlier measurements achieved with the second mode of resonance indicates an increased sensitivity to density featuring a reasonably sustained quality factor for high viscosities. Thereby, the sensitivity can be adjusted by varying the distance between the membranes

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“…The LPFG in conjunction with a capillary tube can be used to measure fluid viscosity [3]. LPFGs are especially suitable for measurements and applications when liquids or solutions undergo a change in RI [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development and fabrication of LPFGs and the related measurands take place in many physical parameters, such as temperature, strain, refractive index (RI), bending, in-series, and multi-parameter sensing [ 2 ]. The LPFG in conjunction with a capillary tube can be used to measure fluid viscosity [ 3 ]. LPFGs are especially suitable for measurements and applications when liquids or solutions undergo a change in RI [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Period Fiber Grating Sensors for the Measurement of Liquid Level and Fluid-Flow Velocity

Wang

Luo

2012

Sensors

Self Cite

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This paper presents the development and assessment of two types of Long Period Fiber Grating (LPFG)-based sensors including a mobile liquid level sensor and a reflective sensor for the measurement of liquid level and fluid-flow velocity. Shewhart control charts were used to assess the liquid level sensing capacity and reliability of the mobile CO2-laser engraved LPFG sensor. There were ten groups of different liquid level experiment and each group underwent ten repeated wavelength shift measurements. The results showed that all measurands were within the control limits; thus, this mobile sensor was reliable and exhibited at least 100-cm liquid level measurement capacity. In addition, a reflective sensor consisting of five LPFGs in series with a reflective end has been developed to evaluate the liquid level and fluid-flow velocity. These five LPFGs were fabricated by the electrical arc discharge method and the reflective end was coated with silver by Tollen's test. After each liquid level experiment was performed five times, the average values of the resonance wavelength shifts for LPFG Nos. 1–5 were in the range of 1.35–9.14 nm. The experimental findings showed that the reflective sensor could be used to automatically monitor five fixed liquid levels. This reflective sensor also exhibited at least 100-cm liquid level measurement capacity. The mechanism of the fluid-flow velocity sensor was based on analyzing the relationship among the optical power, time, and the LPFG's length. There were two types of fluid-flow velocity measurements: inflow and drainage processes. The differences between the LPFG-based fluid-flow velocities and the measured average fluid-flow velocities were found in the range of 8.7–12.6%. For the first time to our knowledge, we have demonstrated the feasibility of liquid level and fluid-flow velocity sensing with a reflective LPFG-based sensor without modifying LPFGs or coating chemical compounds.

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An Optical Fiber Viscometer Based on Long-Period Fiber Grating Technology and Capillary Tube Mechanism

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

Viscosity-Dependent Janus Particle Chain Dynamics

Viscosity-Dependent Janus Particle Chain Dynamics

Driving modes and material stability of a double membrane rheometer and density sensor

Long-Period Fiber Grating Sensors for the Measurement of Liquid Level and Fluid-Flow Velocity

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