1996
DOI: 10.1109/38.481603
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An optical 3D digitizer for frameless stereotactic surgery

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Cited by 33 publications
(16 citation statements)
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“…Although the target volume may be similar to the real anatomical target volume, a substantial difference is seen in the registration process. Anthropomorphic skull phantoms correctly represent the bone anatomy but it is very difficult to correctly simulate soft tissues (14,30,48,53,57,58). Registration with adhesive registration markers is not influenced by possible skin shift and is more comparable to skull-implanted markers than to skin markers (6).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 98%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Although the target volume may be similar to the real anatomical target volume, a substantial difference is seen in the registration process. Anthropomorphic skull phantoms correctly represent the bone anatomy but it is very difficult to correctly simulate soft tissues (14,30,48,53,57,58). Registration with adhesive registration markers is not influenced by possible skin shift and is more comparable to skull-implanted markers than to skin markers (6).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…For the registration, most studies used self-adhesive fiducial markers or bone screws which were mounted on the surface of the phantom (14,17,30,53,57).…”
Section: Registration In Anthropomorphic Phantomsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Less invasive techniques using markers attached to the skin have also been reported [37], but they tend to offer less accurate image registration because skin can move. More recently, there have also been efforts toward developing systems based on optical tracking methods that will allow frameless stereotaxy [38]. Despite these advances, these methods are fundamentally limited to providing only rigid alignment between a pair of images.…”
Section: Image Registration Using Extrinsic Informationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The tracking systems used for our laboratory investigations are a widely used OTS (Flashpoint 5000, Image Guided Technologies Inc., Boulder, USA) with a spatial accuracy of 0.3 -1.5 mm [2,3] and a DC driven EMTS (Flock of Birds, Ascension Technologies Inc, Colchester, USA). According to the specifications the nominal accuracy of the EMTS in an environment containing no ferromagnetic materials is given as 1.8 ram/0.5 ~ , and the spatial resolution is 0.5 ram/0.2 ~ For data acquisition and implementation of the algorithms an IBM-PC running DOS 6.21 and Borland C + + 5.0 was used.…”
Section: M a T E R I A L S A N D M E T H O D S 21 Hardwarementioning
confidence: 99%
“…While optical [2,3,4] and mechanical systems provide reliable position data, neither of these approaches can be considered perfect. Optical tracking systems (OTS) can be obstructed; the optical contact between patient and camera can break and cause a complete failure of the navigation device.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%