An operational method for assessing the poverty outreach performance of development policies and projects: Results of case studies in Africa, Asia, and Latin America

Using panel data to estimate the effect of rainfall shocks on smallholders food security and vulnerability in rural Ethiopia

“…The second factor explains only 12% of the variance. The component loadings, which are the most important output for determining the first principal component, (Zeller, et al 2006) are presented in Table 1.…”

“…We incorporated several indicators that are hypothesized to capture the different dimensions of food security. PCA extracts the linear combination of these variables which give the maximum variance and transform them into one index (Zeller, et al 2006). …”

The impact of Bioversity International's African Leafy Vegetables programme in Kenya

“…A poverty index was created using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) statistical procedure. A set of seven simple, reliable, verifiable and quantifiable poverty indicators from the study regions were used following Irungu (2002) and Zeller et al (2006). One principal component was extracted, which explained over 52% of the total variance in the seven variables and was interpreted as measuring poverty.…”

Conservation Agriculture and Household Wellbeing: A Non-Causal Comparison among Smallholder Farmers in Mozambique

“…The house construction index (I C ) measures the quality and durability of materials used in the construction of a house, the physical size of the house, access to electricity, and water (Zeller, Sharma, Henry, & Lapenu, 2006). Calculation of Equation 1 is modified following Arias and Vos (1996) because the variables used to calculate this index were categorical (Table 3).…”