An operant serial implicit learning task (SILT) in rats: Task acquisition, performance and the effects of striatal lesions

Jay, Julia R.; Dunnett, Stephen B.

doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.03.008

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Anatomical correlates with implicit learning are demonstrated in several dry tasks, 32-37 but these relationships have not been fully elucidated in the MWM; also these tasks have not been operationalized from a cognitive training perspective. Our behavioral data suggest that implicit associations intrinsic to striatal systems may be functional in our model of TBI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a Clinically Relevant Model of Cognitive Training After Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury

Brayer

Ketcham

Zou

et al. 2014

Neurorehabil Neural Repair

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Background Following traumatic brain injury (TBI), clinical cognitive training paradigms harness implicit and explicit learning and memory systems to improve function; however, these systems are differentially affected by TBI, highlighting the need for an experimental TBI model that can test efficacy of cognitive training approaches. Objectives To develop a clinically relevant experimental cognitive training model using the Morris water maze (MWM) wherein training on implicitly learned task components was provided to improve behavioral performance post-TBI. Methods: 81 adult male rats were divided by injury status [controlled cortical impact (CCI)/Sham], non-spatial cognitive training (CogTrained/No-CogTrained), and extra-maze cues (Cued/Non-Cued) during MWM testing. Platform latencies, thigmotaxis, and search strategies were assessed during MWM trials. Results Cognitive training was associated with improved platform latencies, reduced thigmotaxis, and more effective search strategy use for Sham and CCI rats. In the Cued and Non-Cued MWM paradigm, there were no differences between CCI/CogTrained and Sham/No-CogTrained groups. During novel testing conditions, CogTrained groups applied implicitly learned knowledge/skills; however, sham-cued CogTrained/rats better incorporated extramaze cues into their search strategy than the CCI-Cued group. Cognitive training had no effects on contusion size or hippocampal cell survival. Conclusions The results provide evidence that CCI-CogTrained rats that learned the non-spatial components of the MWM task applied these skills during multiple conditions of the place-learning task, thereby mitigating cognitive deficits typically associated with this injury model. The results show that a systematic application of clinically relevant constructs associated with cognitive training paradigms can be used with experimental TBI to affect place learning.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a Clinically Relevant Model of Cognitive Training After Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury

Brayer

Ketcham

Zou

et al. 2014

Neurorehabil Neural Repair

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“…There is universal agreement from the rodent (Berridge and Whishaw, 1992; Jay and Dunnett, 2007), non-human primate (Hikosaka et al, 1995; Procyk et al, 2000), and human (Nissen and Bullemer, 1987; Keele et al, 2003) literature that RT is an appropriate objective measure of whether a sequence has been learned. Extensive training can yield inter-component RTs <100-ms and even negative (Matsuzaka et al, 2007), thereby indicating that sequence components are being selected and initiated predictively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor Sequences and the Basal Ganglia: Kinematics, Not Habits

Desmurget¹,

Turner²

2010

J. Neurosci.

134

124

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Despite a lack of definitive evidence, it is frequently proposed that the basal ganglia (BG) motor circuit plays a critical role in the storage and execution of movement sequences (or motor habits). To test this hypothesis directly, we inactivated the sensorimotor territory of the globus pallidus internus (sGPi, the main BG motor output) in two monkeys trained to perform overlearned and random sequences of four out-and-back reaching movements directed to visual targets. Infusion of muscimol (a GABA A agonist) into sGPi caused dysmetria and slowing of individual movements, but these impairments were virtually identical for overlearned and random sequences. The fluid predictive execution of learned sequences and the animals' tendency to reproduce the sequence pattern in random trials was preserved following pallidal blockade. These results suggest that the BG motor circuit contributes to motor execution, but not to motor sequencing or the storage of overlearned serial skills.

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“…The aim of this study was to characterise response profiles in contralateral space after unilateral DA depletion or medium spiny neuron destruction in the striatum. The use of a novel variation of the serial implicit learning task (Jay & Dunnett, 2007), and the unique application of this paradigm to the evaluation of egocentric behaviour, allowed us to challenge the ability of rats with different types of striatal damage to respond in contralateral and ipsilateral space at up to four levels of eccentricity. Furthermore, response profiles in peripersonal space vs. extrapersonal space (the former is defined as the area directly surrounding the rat, within reaching distance, and the latter is defined as distant space, requiring relocation) (Rizzolatti et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the nature of the design, and the equal likelihood of S1 being located in any of the response locations, the greatest number of trials occurred when S2 was one step away, and the fewest trials occurred when S2 was four steps away. The task represents a novel variant of the previously described serial explicit learning task (Jay & Dunnett, 2007), with the modification that the predictable sequence was deleted and all S1–S2 pairs were selected at random with equal likelihood. This paradigm was designed to allow examination of response profiles in both ipsilateral and contralateral space after striatal dysfunction, utilising the greatest range of distances between S1 and S2 possible within the nine‐hole apparatus.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrastriatal excitotoxic lesion or dopamine depletion of the neostriatum differentially impairs response execution in extrapersonal space

Lelos

Harrison

Dunnett

2012

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Dysfunction of the neostriatum, a primary feature of several neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease, has been found to result in impaired localisation of, and reaction to, contralateral stimuli. On the basis of previous findings, it is hypothesised that, with increasing eccentricity of the response option, striatal cell loss may impair response localisation at the furthest levels of eccentricity, whereas dopamine (DA) depletion may not impact adversely upon responses executed in this extrapersonal space. In order to elucidate more fully the function of the striatum, the present study examined the differential impact of unilateral DA depletion or excitoxic lesion on response execution in ipsilateral and contralateral space at up to four levels of eccentricity. The results confirmed that, after both types of striatal dysfunction, the sensory ability to detect stimuli remains intact, whereas the ability to direct responses in absolute contralateral space is impaired. Distinct differences in the profiles of impairment were, however, evident, with a marked increase in response omissions observed after DA depletion, which may reflect decreased motivational processing, and recovery of function observed in rats with excitotoxic lesions, which suggests the ability to re-learn. Furthermore, the data demonstrate that, after cell loss, responding in near contralateral space is controlled by competing striata, whereas responding in extrapersonal space relies on the contralateral hemisphere. These results have implications for understanding the role of the striatum in egocentrically defined response localisation, as well as for unravelling the behavioural impact of striatal cell loss or aberrant DA transmission observed in neurodegenerative diseases.

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An operant serial implicit learning task (SILT) in rats: Task acquisition, performance and the effects of striatal lesions

Cited by 26 publications

References 33 publications

Developing a Clinically Relevant Model of Cognitive Training After Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury

Developing a Clinically Relevant Model of Cognitive Training After Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury

Motor Sequences and the Basal Ganglia: Kinematics, Not Habits

Intrastriatal excitotoxic lesion or dopamine depletion of the neostriatum differentially impairs response execution in extrapersonal space

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