An open-ended probe with an antenna for the measurement of the water content in the soil

Woszczyk, Aleksandra; Szerement, Justyna; Lewandowski, Arkadiusz; Kafarski, Marcin; Szypłowska, Agnieszka; Wilczek, Andrzej

doi:10.1016/j.compag.2019.105042

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This scattering was more visible in the case of samples with higher water and salt contents. As expected, for each sample, the value of ε increased with an increasing water content [21,27,28]. Among all the samples, the highest value of ε for the saturation point was obtained for talc.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Dielectric Properties of Glass Beads with Talc as a Reference Material for Calibration and Verification of Dielectric Methods and Devices for Measuring Soil Moisture

et al. 2020

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This paper presents dielectric measurements of talc, glass beads, and their mixtures under different moisture and salinity levels. The measurements were conducted using a prototype seven-rod probe (15 mm long central rod) connected to a single port of vector network analyzer. The samples were moistened with distilled water and KCl solutions in order to obtain six different moisture content levels. The complex dielectric permittivity was determined from vector network analyzer reflection-coefficient measurements based on the open-water-liquid calibration procedure. Next, the fitting of volumetric water content–real part of dielectric permittivity calibration curves was performed for each material at selected frequencies, and the obtained relations were compared with well-known calibration equations. Additionally, a salinity index for the tested materials was calculated. It was concluded that pure talc is not an optimal material for the calibration and verification of dielectric methods. The calibration curves obtained for glass beads and the mixtures of glass beads with talc gave results close to well-known reference calibration functions. Additionally, the addition of talc caused the data points to be less scattered. Moreover, the values of the salinity index for the tested materials were in a good agreement with literature data for sand. The obtained results indicated that glass beads with the addition of talc can be used as a reference material for the calibration and verification of dielectric methods and devices for soil moisture measurement.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Dielectric Properties of Glass Beads with Talc as a Reference Material for Calibration and Verification of Dielectric Methods and Devices for Measuring Soil Moisture

et al. 2020

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“…A similar solution is presented in the work [25]. The authors call their solution an open-ended probe with an antenna.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Since in many papers the measurements of the antenna probe are analysed in the frequency domain [21][22][23][24][25], the simulation in the frequency domain is shown in Figure 4.…”

Section: Influence Of the Flange Dimensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since in many papers the measurements of the antenna probe are analysed in the frequency domain [21][22][23][24][25], the simulation in the frequency domain is shown in Figure 4. The extraction of DP from the frequency-domain analysis of a monopole antenna is often complicated, as shown in [21,22].…”

Section: Influence Of the Flange Dimensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important in the case of precise irrigation of crops. In the works [21][22][23][24][25], the authors determined the frequency dependence of the real part of the dielectric permittivity. Then they determined relations between θ and the real part of dielectric permittivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of a Monopole Antenna Probe with an Optimized Flange Diameter for TDR Soil Moisture Measurement

Majcher

Kafarski

Wilczek

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Soil volumetric water content (θ) is a parameter describing one of the most important factors conditioning proper plant growth. Monitoring soil moisture is of particular importance in the rational use of water resources for irrigation, especially during periods of water scarcity. This paper presents a method of measuring soil moisture in the vicinity of the plant root system by means of a probe designed to be mounted on a mobile device used for precise plant irrigation. Due to the specific field conditions of the measurement, the design of the probe was proposed as a monopole antenna. Electromagnetic simulations of the probe were carried out with Ansys HFSS software to optimise its dimensions. Then a prototype of the probe was manufactured to conduct laboratory measurements with the use of a vector network analyser (VNA) working in the 20 kHz to 8 GHz frequency range. The VNA analyser was configured to work in the time-domain reflectometry (TDR) mode. From measurements of the time distance between reflections from the probe’s elements it is possible to calculate the bulk dielectric permittivity of the soil surrounding the probe. Next, based on commonly used soil moisture dielectric calibrations one can determine θ of the soil sample. The paper presents simulation results and laboratory tests of an antenna probe. Due to its tough and durable design, this type of probe gives the possibility of easy application in field conditions, which makes it especially suitable for mechanically demanding measurement systems. As the sensitivity zone is comparatively large, this probe is well-suited to measuring soil moisture in the vicinity of the plant root system.

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Soil moisture evaluation with spiral fringing field capacitive sensors

Oommen,

Philip

2023

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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An open-ended probe with an antenna for the measurement of the water content in the soil

Cited by 18 publications

References 37 publications

Dielectric Properties of Glass Beads with Talc as a Reference Material for Calibration and Verification of Dielectric Methods and Devices for Measuring Soil Moisture

Dielectric Properties of Glass Beads with Talc as a Reference Material for Calibration and Verification of Dielectric Methods and Devices for Measuring Soil Moisture

Application of a Monopole Antenna Probe with an Optimized Flange Diameter for TDR Soil Moisture Measurement

Soil moisture evaluation with spiral fringing field capacitive sensors

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