An open database for benchmarking guided waves structural health monitoring algorithms on a composite full-scale outer wing demonstrator

Abstract

This article reports on the creation of an open database of piezo-actuated and piezo-received guided wave signals propagating in a composite panel of a full-scale aeronautical structure. The composite panel closes the bottom part of a wingbox that, along with the leading edge, the trailing edge, and the wingtip, forms an outer wing demonstrator approximately 4.5 m long and from 1.2 to 2.3 m wide. To create the database, a structural health monitoring system, composed of a software/hardware central unit capable of controlling a network of 160 piezoelectric transducers secondarily bonded on the composite panel, has been realized. The structural health monitoring system has been designed to (1) perform electromechanical impedance measurement at each transducer, in order to check for their reliability and bonding strength, and (2) to operate an active guided wave screening for damage detection in the composite panel. Electromechanical impedance and guided wave measurements were performed at four different testing stages: before loading, before fatigue, before impacts, and after impacts. The database, freely available at http://shm.ing.unibo.it/ , can thus be used to benchmarking, on real-scale structural data, guided wave algorithms for loading, fatigue, as well as damage detection, characterization, and sizing. As an example, in this work, a delay and sum algorithm is applied on the post-impact data to illustrate how the database can be exploited.

An Impact Localization Solution Using Embedded Intelligence—Methodology and Experimental Verification via a Resource-Constrained IoT Device

“…Teloli et al [ 31 ] have a published dataset named UNESP-BERT for bolted joint SHM based on vibration tests. Finally, Marzani et al [ 32 ], have made available a dataset for benchmarking guided waves on a composite full-scale outer section of an aircraft wing. However, by utilizing the aforementioned datasets, the algorithms that can be trained focus on detecting, and sometimes (but not always), locating damage (instead of impact) but they do not consider environmental and operational factors, and just rely on specific damages (change in geometry, material) that occur in the structure.…”

An Efficient Procedure for Bonding Piezoelectric Transducers to Thermoplastic Composite Structures for SHM Application and Its Durability in Aeronautical Environmental Conditions

“…In this study, only secondary bonding has been used; therefore, detailed literature review on secondary bonding has been presented only. Adhesives such as fast-acting Cyanoacrylate adhesives [ 20 , 21 ], Hexcel Redux 312 film [ 22 ] and Hysol EA9394 and EA9294 [ 23 , 24 ] are some of the adhesives that were used to bond PCTs to composite as well as metallic structures through secondary bonding for SHM. Some of these studies have investigated the integrity and durability of bonded PCTs in different environmental exposures and mechanical tests.…”

Application of PZT Ceramic Sensors for Composite Structure Monitoring Using Harmonic Excitation Signals and Bayesian Classification Approach

“…Elastic waves can interact with structure discontinuities caused by different kinds of damage enabling successful PZT use for Structural Health Monitoring. There exists a vast literature on the subject, providing numerous examples of PZT application [ 11 ], in particular to: cracks detection and their growth monitoring [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]; bolt and rivet joints monitoring [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]; corrosion detection [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]; concrete structures and soil properties monitoring [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]; pipeline damage detection [ 27 , 28 ]; large structure monitoring [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]; malignant tumor detection [ 33 ]; other applications [ 34 , 35 ]. …”

“…• bolt and rivet joints monitoring [15][16][17][18][19]; • corrosion detection [20][21][22]; • concrete structures and soil properties monitoring [23][24][25][26]; • pipeline damage detection [27,28]; • large structure monitoring [29][30][31][32]; • malignant tumor detection [33]; • other applications [34,35].…”