“…The real‐time monitoring of processes and anomalies assumes a very significant position in improving the current assessment methodologies. As such, a framework for taking the correct maintenance decisions in a petroleum plant using real‐time process analysis has been developed . Prediction of the location of pipeline leaks, which can lead to disastrous consequences, has been done using the integration of a support vector machine and particle swarm optimization theory (PSO‐SVM) as well as using acoustic waves .…”
The growth in chemical industry has also led to the use of more hazardous chemicals, most often at extreme pressures and temperatures. This escalates the risk factors of a particular operation. Due to this, safety, risk assessment, and hazard management have gained utmost importance. Though a complete, full-proof mechanism is not achievable, efforts are made to minimize the hazard level with a comprehensive and exhaustive survey of the available methods and develop a superior safety mechanism. Various measures like risk assessment, hazard analysis, thermal safety analysis, and safety indices are in place and to be incorporated at the design stage to have inherently safer processes. The present paper reviews these safety indices, surveys several modern methods and techniques used in the modern chemical industries for ensuring safety, preventing hazards, and for risk assessment. Various methodologies and techniques are compared, categorized into qualitative, quantitative, and hybrid techniques. The current and future trends of developments in this field have also been reviewed. As a rigorous breakdown analysis of a disaster can help in designing new reliable safety measures, an exemplary case study is presented.
“…The real‐time monitoring of processes and anomalies assumes a very significant position in improving the current assessment methodologies. As such, a framework for taking the correct maintenance decisions in a petroleum plant using real‐time process analysis has been developed . Prediction of the location of pipeline leaks, which can lead to disastrous consequences, has been done using the integration of a support vector machine and particle swarm optimization theory (PSO‐SVM) as well as using acoustic waves .…”
The growth in chemical industry has also led to the use of more hazardous chemicals, most often at extreme pressures and temperatures. This escalates the risk factors of a particular operation. Due to this, safety, risk assessment, and hazard management have gained utmost importance. Though a complete, full-proof mechanism is not achievable, efforts are made to minimize the hazard level with a comprehensive and exhaustive survey of the available methods and develop a superior safety mechanism. Various measures like risk assessment, hazard analysis, thermal safety analysis, and safety indices are in place and to be incorporated at the design stage to have inherently safer processes. The present paper reviews these safety indices, surveys several modern methods and techniques used in the modern chemical industries for ensuring safety, preventing hazards, and for risk assessment. Various methodologies and techniques are compared, categorized into qualitative, quantitative, and hybrid techniques. The current and future trends of developments in this field have also been reviewed. As a rigorous breakdown analysis of a disaster can help in designing new reliable safety measures, an exemplary case study is presented.
“…Such culture will undergo continuous revision through lessons learned from investigating incidents, monitoring preventive safety activities, identifying safety outcomes including root-cause analysis, and comparing activities with outcomes to prove relationships. Safety criteria in process industries enable decision makers to reduce technological and organizational complexities while enhancing maintenance decisions, multivariate analysis, and risk assessment (Aqlan and Ali, 2014;Azadeh et al, 2014;Elhdad et al, 2013). Safety criteria also help to recommend independent safety barriers in adhere to work procedures, safety rules, and regulations.…”
“…The preventive maintenance of the cargo containment systems of LNGCs is a maintenance strategy that is carried out on equipment before the failure of any critical LNG cargo handling facility. Originally, preventive maintenance was introduced in repairable systems to enhance system reliability [10,11]. Preventive maintenance of LNG cargo containment systems is recommended because the maintenance technique increases the life cycle of the cargo containment system and reduces the risk of cargo containment system failure [12][13][14].…”
The high demand for liquefied natural gas (LNG) requires more LNG carriers (LNGCs) to be in operation. During transportation, there is a high risk due to the required extremely low temperatures and the explosive nature of LNG cargo. Moreover, when there is a lack of experience in operating old LNGCs, there is a serious concern regarding operational accidents. A systematic maintenance strategy, especially for LNG cargo containment systems, is crucial for maintaining safe LNG transportation at sea. The purpose of this study is to develop preventive LNG cargo containment system maintenance models by using LNGC dock specifications from LNGCs of various ages. The dock specifications from a conventional LNGC repairing dock were analyzed using natural language processing techniques in order to develop preventive maintenance models of the LNG cargo containment system. From these results, and by considering the ship’s age, it was found that for young LNGCs, the priority for repair should focus on checking routine consumable spare parts by tank inspections, whereas for older LNGCs, the focus should be on tank condition maintenance rather than on other facilities. These results are expected to be useful in the development of a maintenance strategy of preventive LNG cargo containment systems in maritime LNG transportation.
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